Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training Term Paper

Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training - Term Paper Example The information provided will base on facts and previous researches. A conclusion will be based on information the essay provides. The aim of the essay is to determine the effectiveness of various modes of training and recommend on which mode is to be applied while undertaking training both as a student and as a faculty in general. Every school wants to have a competitive advantage and the result is the introduction of various training modes. The two modules contain various similarities in that the outcome will always depend on the set of guideline that is designed in the curriculum. The similarities include the learning objective, which in any cases is aimed at passing information to students, and develop graduates that are competitive in the market (Moyer, 2003). The institutional goals and mission guide this principle. The other similarity is the structure and layout, what is taught is similar this includes the three principles of learning which include acquiring, demonstration and assessment. Acquiring entails the passing of knowledge to the students and the mode of training is what creates demonstration. The two combine to create a learning environment that is conducive. The assessment is always in two forms, the continuous assessments, which majorly includes the course work and the final assessment that combines every element of the course. The three are similar in both computer-based training and instructor led tr aining. There exists the issue of accessibility in which the mode provides for readily available information. When enrolling one can do so at any given time of the learning calendar contrary to the other mode in which enrollment is done on a specified date. The issue of distance and travelling challenges are dealt with by this mode of training, in that one can acquire knowledge and be assessed online without visiting the training facility. The accessibility issue can also be applied to the working students where they

The Impact of Technology on Society Research Paper

The Impact of Technology on Society - Research Paper Example Thus, even the microlithic flint tools used by the  early  man was just as much technological advanced as robots may be in a few centuries to modern man, that is, allowing for the chronological differentiation. This paper will seek to  establish impacts of technology on  humanity  through discussing some of the effects, and some negative effects. If technology needed a face,  communication  would be the most  suitable  since it is one thing all human beings have in common. In addition, it has been the main beneficiary of the technological  development, which  has taken place over time. The most significant aspect of this is evident in the new means by which communication occurs, in the past communicating with someone in a different  town  would take weeks as one waited for the postman. This  has been drastically changed with mobile telephony, internet and other wireless means of communication, since through video conferencing one can easily  hold  a fa ce-to-face meeting with someone in different continents. ... This way, technology is its own  vehicle  since, through it; information can be communicated and shared  rapidly. Humans today are privy to more information that any time in the past when governments and the church would  control  what one could  know  or not. The internet does not  recognize  e political boundaries and this  way  there is a free flow of information. Evidences of this can be found in the recent uprisings in Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, the internet  was used to  rally  the citizens to  rise  against tyrannical  leadership  by using Facebook pages for strategizing since mainstream media  were controlled by the state (Crovtiz  1). This gives new meaning to the  adage  information  is power, because, in those cases, it was  literal  power. That the world is becoming a global village, is no longer just cliche used by pro technologists but a reality that requires little imagination to  appreciate. As a result of  develop ment  in mechanical and aeronautical engineering, humans can now  travel  from any place to the other at speeds that would have seemed  supernatural  in the not so distant past. Consequently, jets and other airplanes  enable  the distance between continents to be covered in a matter of hours. Many of these  are automated  and are travelling in them is  significantly  safe this also applies to cars, and trains. In fact, many of these automated planes are self-flown and even when they have pilots, they do not have to  man  them all the time (Peter 1). This has exponentially reduced the importance and role of distance. Today, the distance between say Europe and America can be covered in about 3 hours. This way people in far off

Myspace Is A Social Networking Music Media Essay

Myspace Is A Social Networking Music Media Essay 1.0 INTRODUCTION In 2003, MySpace began. It was created by a small group of programmers who already had work in eUniverse, MySpace has grown by leaps and bounds. MySpace soon became one of the largest online companies. It was all due to the dream of Thomas Anderson and some of his friend who was members of Friendster and already had everything they needed to get started and create MySpace. In July 2005, MySpace was bought out by Rupert Murdochs News Corp. They changed the companys name to Intermix Media. News Corp is owned by Fox Broadcasting. Later, in 2006, Fox launched a UK version of MySpace. They successful attempt at adding the UK music scene to MySpace. Later they also release MySpace in other country. Currently, MySpace head office is in California. They are in the same building as Fox Interactive Media. They only have 300 people working for them, but they have gain over 200,000 new users everyday and have over 100 million users worldwide. Nowadays, MySpace is considered as a social networking website that provides us a highly personalized experience in entertainment. Besides that, MySpace also helps to connect music, celebrities, TV, movies and the game that we love. MySpace is easy and convenient for every user. It is similar to Friendster which allows their users to pick or build their favorite theme themselves. Furthermore, MySpace also allows users to upload their video, music, photo and other else that they want to share with other MySpace users. Games are also provided for users. There are many different kinds of games in MySpace. Some of the MySpace users expand their social network through MySpace. Some of them also use MySpace to connect with their long-distance friends. In short, MySpace is a social networking website that is very convenient to us. We can play game, watch video, hear music and do other things in MySpace. 2.0 MySpace Music Music is MySpaces territory. There have huge of artist and band pages. Some artists have millions of friends and the pages allow streaming music, artist control over the look and feel of the site and etc. MySpace also have  music streaming, playlists, downloads, merchandise sales, ring tones and other features.  (Facebook v. MySpace in the U.S. Market: The Music  Factor, Michael Arrington, Aug 22, 2008) MySpace Music is allowed users to search their favourite music by city. Besides that, MySpace users are allow to download music, link to news articles, and concert information and musician advertisement on MySpace Music website. MySpace creator, Anderson, makes no distinctions about talent level. He allowed anyone with music that can be downloaded can post on MySpace Music. (Website looks to get the word out about Pittsburgh musicians, By  Rege Behe, PITTSBURGH TRIBUNE-REVIEW Friday, February 25, 2011) 3.0 ARTISTS Artist is a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination. They have their own official profile in MySpace. Their official profile is allowing MySpace users to know their recently situation. 3.1 How To Search The Favorite Artist Step 1: For those who already had their MySpace account, go into MySpace website (www.myspace.com) and login with your account. For those who dont have their MySpace account, go into MySpace and press sign-up. Step 2: No matter you are login or sign-up, you will enter your homepage. After that, you will see a bar on your top page, find the Music word, and click into it. Step 3: You will see a search box on your right hand side, type your favorite artist inside the box and press search. Step 4: Waiting your result come out. 3.2 The Results That I Searched Based on the topic, I had chosen the artist that I loved. I chose Britney Spears in this time. Britney Spears is my favorite artists all the time. She is an American recording artist and entertainer. I have followed the steps above to search the artists that I love. I found that is showing 3517 result for Britney Spears. In 3517 results, there were including artists, albums, songs and music videos results. For artists, there were 1000 results about Britney Spears. And the song, there were also 1000 results. Besides that, it had 526 results for the album and 1000 results for the music videos. The results just like the picture show on above. For artists part, I pressed the Most Relevant beside the artist results; I saw that had some related results about Britney Spears, but it was some only. I saw the Britney Spears official MySpace profile on the first and other was just a normal profile named Britney Spears. For songs part, I chose the Most Popular to find out what is the most popular Britney Spears song. As the results, I found that Britney Spears popular song was Womanizer, Circus, If You Seek Amy and other. The ranking was based on how many times does the song plays. Other side, I also chose Most Recent to find out what is the most recent song. The most recent song was based on the latest Britney Spears album. I found that had Circus, Lucky and etc. For the albums part, I chose Most Popular and Most Recent, but after I click in, I realize some of the album was not about Britney Spears. After that, I chose Most Relevant to find out Britney Spears album. There had Britney, Circus, Blackout and other albums. There had a Buy Album button under the all of the albums. We can download the album songs from MySpace to iTunes or Amazon MP3 and it cost $7.99 per album. For the music videos part, I click Most Popular to find out what is the most popular video. I found that some of the video was not about Britney Spears MV and some was some people recorded and posted the video that they sang. After that, I chose Most Recent. I found the result almost not Britney Spears MV. Therefore, I chose Most Relevant, I can see that most of the Britney Spears MV was found. There were Hold It against Me, Gimme More and etc. 3.3 Visit Britney Spears Profile I visited Britney Spears official MySpace profile, and I saw above of the profile, there had Britney Spears status. It will update what does Britney Spears done recently and let all MySpace users know her situation. Besides that, I found Britney Spears has 706989 friends on MySpace. She had so many friends because when we add her as a friend, the system will approve us automatically. But compare to some top artists, such like Eminem, Britney Spears not much more than him. I also found there were 925 people like this profile on Facebook. It might be used for promote Britney Spears MySpace page on Facebook. On the general info there, there had some details such as last login, profile views, records label, type of label and etc. It is give some general information to those who visited her profile. After that, I followed the step as the picture on my left. I went into the Music page and click Featured. I saw that had some songs on the playlist such as Till the World End, Hold It against Me, 3 and etc. Those songs put on featured playlist were the recommended songs. The songs those in featured playlist were recommended by Britney Spears. It might be some songs took from her albums as a theme song to promote her albums. For example, the Hold It against Me album, Britney Spears chose the song named Hold It against Me as her album theme song. But some of the songs in featured playlist are not exactly the theme song of the album. It might be the nice songs in her album. After searching the songs, I search the featured video. I followed the step in the picture on my left, click Videos. I found that already had a featured video when I came inside the page. The featured video is Hold It against me. This music video just came out recently. It was Britney Spears new album music video. Britney Spears had recommended her new album music video to all users of MySpace. Besides that, we can follow the video. When you follow the video, it is mean that you already like the video. The result of how many people like this video will show under the video. Other, you also can share this video on Facebook by click to all Facebook users. 4.0 PLAYLIST Playlist is a collection of songs from a music library created by users. MySpace also allow all users of MySpace to create their own playlist. 4.1 How To Create Playlist It might have some ways to create playlist. The proper way had shown as below: Step 1: Login into MySpace. After that, click My Stuff. Step 2: You will see Create Playlist. Click it. Follow the picture on above Step 3: Click the Add New Playlist, type your playlist name and press OK. Step 4: Your playlist have been done. The other way to create playlist is find the song that you want. You will see a + button, click it. After that, a box will come out. If you want to create a playlist and add the song into the new playlist, click Create a playlist, and type your playlist name inside. Then, click Add. Your playlist have been created. 4.2 Add Song To Playlist It is so easy to add song into the playlist. It might have some ways. The easier way was after you create a playlist, just searched the song that you want on the search box. Your results will be shown. After that, drag or drop the song that you want into the playlist. The other way to add songs into the playlist was you just saw the song that you want, click the song. You will see a + button, press it. After that, an Add to playlist box will come out. Choose the album that you want add into, then click Add. Beside these two ways, it also might have other ways to add song into playlist. Add song to playlist, it will let MySpace users easier to find the songs to hear that already save in playlist. 4.3 Edit Playlist After you created a music playlist on MySpace, you might need to edit it some times. Up to your playlist, it might have somethings can change. For example, you can change your playlist name through press the name of playlist, then edit it.Besides that, you also might add some description on the playlist to dsicribe the playlist that you created. There were also have three buttons named Share Playlist, Buy Playlist and Make Private to let you choose. Share Playlist can let you share your playlist to MySpace itself, Facebook, Twitter and Digg. The Buy Playlist was allow us to buy playlist which created by ourself. The prices were depends on how many songs we add into our playlist. Last, there was a button named Make Private. After you click that button, you will not share your playlist to MySpace, Facebook, Twitter or Digg. The playlist just can play by your own MySpace account. In additional, you will also can delete songs which you dont want in the playlist. It was so easy to delete. You just need to click a x button behine the song name. Then the song will delete. You can just see the picture as below. 5.0 SAFETY TIPS MySpace is a lifestyle social networking that contain over millions of peoples. All of the users in MySpace include you and me are playing a very important role in keeping the community safe. Safety Tips is a webpage in MySpace that helping us to know how all MySpace users can keep safe while playing social networking like MySpace. On this page, you will find some safety information, tips and some resources to navigate online communities. MySpace promise that to keep MySpace users safe online through unique safety features and technology, partnerships with safety organizations and law enforcement, and our support of new laws that will nurture the growth of online safety tools, education and research. 5.1 For Parents and Educators Millions of people are using MySpace. Some of them are teenagers. They have their own personal MySpace profile. As a parent or educator, you may worry about what do teenagers do with MySpace. Do they safety while playing MySpace? There are a lots of question might be come out from parents and educators. For parents and educators, MySpace have already set some rules and regulations for teenagers. For those teenagers who want to register a MySpace account, must be at least 13 years old. Those teenagers are below 13 years old are not permitted to register. MySpace provide this rule because those teenagers are below 13 years old is not mature. They dont have analysis skill to analyse what can learn and what they cant learn. In additional, MySpace also will automatically assign a Private Profile for those users are below 18 years old. Private Profile means that only account users will know their last name or email address can contact them or view their profile. This information will not show to other MySpace users. MySpace needs to protect some teenagers are below 18 years old. It is because their personal details might be stealing and contact with them. No matter how many rules and regulations that MySpace had set, parents and educators must keep looking on their child. It is because rules and regulations just have little helps. The most important is parents and educators must always communicate with their children. They need to talk with them always and ask what they doing with MySpace. 5.2 For Teenagers MySpace is a public space. It might have some stranger add you as friend. For teenagers, you might not put your contact number, house address and something easy to contact you in MySpace. It will let stranger easier to find you. Besides that, you also not take some harmful picture and those pictures with your uniform. It can cause stranger go your school to find you. Furthermore, teenagers might protect your privacy. Remember set your profile to private which lets only your friends can view your profile. Teenagers also might only accept friend invitations from people you know and trust. Moreover, if teenagers see those inappropriate contents, they should tell their parents or adults report these kinds of thing to MySpace. Inappropriate contents such as violence picture, sexual picture and etc. These  will affect the  thinking of  teenagers. Think before you post. Teenagers must think before what you have post on MySpace. When you uploaded something on MySpace, it can downloaded by someone else. Hence, teenagers might not post anything that they dont want show to other. 6.0 CONCLUSION MySpace is a social networking that provide us highly entertainment such as music, video, games and else. There had huge of people become MySpace members. MySpace created in 2003 until present. MySpace is similar with Friendster. Both of them also can let users design layout themselves. The most famous application in MySpace is MySpace Music. MySpace Music can let us search the artist that we loved and add the artists song into our playlist. We also can buy artists songs and artists album through MySpace. MySpace Music will also have Top Artists, Top Albums and Top Videos in MySpace. Before I do this assignment, I dont know what MySpace is. According to my opinion, MySpace just is a social networking. But, after I do my assignment, I feel that I was wrong. MySpace is not only a social networking. It is also a place that helps us connect with our favourite artists. We can know what our favourite artists do recently in MySpace. Through doing this assignment, I also know we can create a playlist that we want in MySpace. Besides create playlist, I know how to add songs into playlist and edit playlist. Furthermore, I also know how to find the artists result that I want. I found that MySpace really have many benefit for those who like music. Music is a part of our life. We can search the artist latest songs on our artists MySpace profile. MySpace really is a good website to us. I will introduce this website to all of my friends to share the benefit.

The Future :: Argumentative Persuasive Science Papers

The Future It is by following clues that we make discoveries, not by reasoning inductively. Now some people would accept this view but nevertheless argue that in science we cannot avoid reasoning inductively. For , , they say, suppose we have discovered a law of nature—let us say the law that all metals expand when heated. Now in saying that this is a law of nature we are saying that it holds not only in the past but also in the future. If it is a law of nature that all metals expand when heated, then metals will expand when heated not just today but also tomorow. But how do we know they will expand tomorow? Tomorow has not yet come. If we know, we can only know by reasoning inductively (they say). The law has held in the past; therefore it will hold in the future. Reasoning from the past to the future is inductive reasoning. In this paper I want to respond to this argument. My point will be, there is no need to reason inductively even in science. To help make my point I will draw on three examples. Example 1: Station A Suppose you crack ciphers. You have been intercepting messages from a radio station which you have called Station A. The messages transmited by Station A are encrypted by a cipher which you have already broken, a cipher which for your own convenience you have called Cipher X. Because you have already broken Cipher X, for the past six months you have been able to read every single message sent out by Station A. This morning you have intercepted another message. You have not deciphered it yet ... How are you going to decipher your new message? Are you going to decipher it by using Cipher X, the cipher you have broken and which Station A has been using these past six months? I think you are likely to say, 'Of course! ' So you will decipher the new message using Cipher X, as I too if I were in your position. Let us now go over the situation again. You have broken Cipher X. You have been deciphering all messages from Station A using Cipher X. You are now about to decipher this newly intercepted message by using Cipher X. Now considering what you have done and what you are about to do, can we infer that you are reasoning inductively?

Organizational Outputs Essay

In reviewing the article in reference to the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model. Another quote from the article, struck me very strongly in regards to the observed organization; ‘The bigger the gap between the formal and informal systems within the organization, the less effective the organization is. ‘ This is from the Weisbord’s Six Box Model and this aspect is quite apparent in the organization observed. A negative output is one of the things that should be avoided, especially regarding consumers. An agreed statistic within many business marketing modules that a dissatisfied consumer will often tell more people than a satisfied consumer. A frustrating fact, however true. Outputs are those products which are dispensed from the organization. These can include product, as already mentioned, the way consumers are treated is another factor. Outputs also include, how the organization interacts with the environment. Technically an output is any factor that the organization ‘puts out’ whether through marketing, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Consumer Satisfaction There is an old saying, ‘You can’t please people all of the time. ‘ In an organization where the internal culture is to ‘never’ say ‘no. ‘ Because, we have also heard the saying, ‘The customer is always right. ‘ An automatic conflict is built between consumer and employee. Someone, is usually wrong. And if a person is doing their job as required under organizational policy, the possibility of ‘pleasing all of the people all of the time’ becomes quite low. However, in an organization ‘pleasing’ every person is a near impossibility. In fact, I believe, it was Menecke who said, ‘I don’t know the sure way to success. I do know the sure way to failure, trying to please everyone all the time. ‘ Certainly a risk every organization takes is how to tell the consumer, ‘no’, while keeping that person as a consumer. Somewhat of a conundrum, as no one likes to hear the word ‘no. ‘ This is where the earlier quote from ‘Weisford’s Six Box Model’ caught my particular attention. Faulty policy or the failure of an organization to uphold it’s own policy, creates extreme difficulties for personnel. In the organization observed, a policy would be set forth, such as a limit to the type or number of courses a student could take in an eight week period. Personnel, following policy and even double checking policy with the Director would refuse the student as directed under policy. The stated policy would then be, completely undermined if the student decided to complain. In most cases, if not all, the student was allowed the ‘exception’ to having policy overturned. When a situation such as this occurs on a recurring basis, morale is severely weakened. Personnel are not trusted to do their jobs with integrity. As well as the fact, that when policy is regularly undermined, what then becomes the point of attempting to enforce any type of policy. Worse, the employee begins to give up altogether in performing their tasks with any independence. As the result is and has been personnel are wrong and can be completely overridden. The result is an organization without compass. And ultimately, in this organizational situation, it is the consumers that are hurt the worst. Personnel become surly and unwilling to help. After all, how can personnel be perceived as being helpful when every decision, no matter how small can be overturned? The situation becomes unbearable, and any attempt at creating consumer loyalty is lost. Policy should serve as that mechanism to provide the means toward providing consumer needs. When that attempt to follow policy is constantly undermined, the result, undoubtedly is weak, powerless leadership and an unwilling personnel to follow any ‘policy’ that is developed. Personnel should be one of the most enthusiastic ‘ambassadors’ to the community when representing the organization. The odd thing about serving the organization in this way, is that a certain pride should be taken in the work one does. A continuous undermining of the personnel’s ability to do the job one has been hired to accomplish. This type of output creates a hostile atmosphere, distrust is built and maintained through this constant turmoil between management, personnel and consumers. Summary Only one type of output has been mentioned in this report. The reason being that personnel are crucial to the way consumers and the public perceive the function ability of an organization. A dissatisfied representative or employee becomes complacent and extremely unwilling to attempt new devices for serving the consumer. Much less becoming innovative in the process. Frustrating employees to the point of powerlessness, is not a recommended means toward the success of an organization. Another reason, I believe in the importance of personnel and their ability is that most organization’s neglect the fact that a sound, successful organization is built on the competence of employees. Yet, this seems to have become the accepted methodology among many organizations, especially older organizations. A basic principle is that personnel are the most valuable investment an organization can make. Personnel, especially those in the front line are those that have the ability to positively affect a second most important resource, consumers.

Pest Analysis England

†¢Environmental regulations and protection: As the menace of coal smoke receded the society changed its name (to the National Society for Clean Air) and its focus, and in the 1970s began to campaign vigorously on air pollution from industry and, increasingly, transport. During this period membership was mainly (although far from exclusively) drawn from local authorities, with some industrial membership. Perhaps the main achievement of the Society after the Clean Air Acts was the development of the concept of Local Air Quality Management and the incorporation of this in the Environment Act 1995.The original Environment Bill was intended to deal with issues such as the establishment of the Environment Agency, contaminated land, National Parks and waste topics. †¢Tax policies Britain is becoming a less attractive place to invest and work in because of government tax plans, trade and investment minister Digby Jones said on Friday, the latest non-political appointee to question policy. The ruling Labor party has come under pressure to match opposition plans to raise more tax from wealthy foreigners living and working in Britain.It has proposed to end tax breaks which mean rich residents who are non-domiciled for fiscal purposes pay no UK tax. †¢International trade regulations and restrictions a. Import Tariffs Customs duty is assessed on the fair market value of imported goods at the time they are landed in the UK. Import prices for products entering the UK from non-EU states generally consist of: Cost, Insurance, Freight and Duty, with VAT of 15% levied on the aggregate value. This sum is the exporter’s â€Å"landed cost, duty paid. The commercial invoice value is usually accepted as the normal price, but if a preferential arrangement has been established between the overseas supplier and the importer, or an unrealistic value has been declared, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) reserves the right to assess a fair market value for duty purposes. T he duty is payable at the time the goods are imported, but established importers can defer payment for an average of 30 days. In addition to customs duties on imported goods, an excise tax is levied on in-country sales of alcohol, tobacco, and road vehicles, and on sales of oil and petroleum products. . Trade Barriers The UK has no significant trade or investment barriers and no restrictions on the transfer of capital or repatriation of profits. The very few barriers that exist are almost all attributable to UK implementation of EU Directives and regulations. c. Import Requirements and Documentation A limited range of goods requires import licenses, which are issued by the UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform’s Import Licensing Branch. These include firearms and explosives, nuclear materials, controlled drugs and certain items of military equipment. d. U.S. Export Controls U. S. exports to the UK are subject to the normal U. S. export control regulatio ns, administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) for dual-use items and the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) for military end-use items. In June 2007, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair announced a forthcoming bilateral Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty, intended to greatly reduce licensing requirements arising from government-to government defense programs. At the time of writing, the Treaty is under review by the U. S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.In addition to International Trafficking in Arms Regulations (ITAR), re-exports from the UK and the activities of UK-based subsidiaries, are subject to UK export controls. These are managed by the Export Control Organization (ECO), an office of the UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). U. S. companies supplying certain restricted items appearing on the UK Military List, including missile and long-range UAV technology, are encouraged to consult guidance available from the E CO website on the trafficking and brokering provisions contained in the UK Export Control Act 2002. . Temporary Entry Raw materials, temporarily imported for incorporation into products for export, may be admitted without payment of duties and taxes. The importer must provide a bank or insurance company guarantee or indemnity for the applicable duties and taxes. Goods intended for unaltered re-export may also be imported free of duty for a period of up to six months by prior arrangement with Her Majesty’s Revenue & Custom (HMRC). Temporary entries and goods imported for technical examination and testing are subject to a VAT deposit scheme with VAT refunded following the re-export of the goods.Products imported for repair, calibration, or incorporation are admitted with conditional relief from duty and VAT pending correct disposal of goods, usually re-export from the European Community. Professional and demonstration equipment may be temporarily imported into the UK free of du ty and tax under the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Professional Equipment. Additionally, these goods may also be imported under the above-mentioned VAT deposit scheme for temporary entries. f. Labeling and Marking RequirementsIn the UK, origin, weight and dimension, chemical composition and appropriate hazard warnings are required for consumer protection purposes on any product offered for retail sale. If the product cannot be labeled or marked, the data may be included on any packaging, accompanying printed material, or product literature. European and British clothing and shoe sizes are differently marked, and special provision may have to be made for apparel retail labeling. Dual labeling is strongly supported by the UK, which uses the practice as a cost-saving measure in its exports to North America. . Prohibited and Restricted Imports Prohibited imports include AM citizens band radios, switchblade knives, devices that project toxic, noxious or harmful subst ances (e. g. , tear gas), counterfeit coins and currency, certain types of pornography and hormone-treated beef. The UK participates in the Wassenaar Arrangement for the control of dual-use exports; the Australia Group (AG) for the control of chemical and biological weapons; and the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG) for nuclear-related goods, preventing the export of restricted goods and echnology to countries of proliferation concern. The UK also supports United Nations’ sanctions restricting exports to certain other destinations. Although sensitive to the extraterritorial application of U. S. law in export controls, the UK authorities cooperate with the U. S. in preventing the re-export of sensitive goods and technology of U. S. -origin to unauthorized destinations, when the enforcement action is based on multilateral controls. h. Customs Regulations and Contact InformationThe documents required for shipments include the commercial invoice, bill of lading or airway bill , packing list, insurance documents, and, when required, special certificates of origin, sanitation, ownership, etc. A copy of the commercial invoice should accompany the shipment to avoid delays in customs clearance. It is worth noting that imprecise descriptions are a common reason for goods being held without customs clearance, meaning that a clear description of the goods is essential and should be worded in such a way as to describe the goods to an individual who may not necessarily have an understanding of a particular industry or article.A clear description of goods should satisfy three basic questions as to what the product is, for what is it used, and of what it is made. No special form of invoice is required, but all of the details needed to establish the true value of the goods should be given. At least two additional copies of the invoice should be sent to the consignees to facilitate customs clearance. Consular documents are not required for shipments to the UK. †¢ Contract enforcement lawA contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty. This may be seen as giving three interconnected elements: a. A promise In the context of English law, a reference to a promise here may be seen as misleading. It is often (rightly) stated that English law will not give effect to a mere promise and that an agreement, or meeting of minds, is required. In fact, this is simply a way of distinguishing between two types of promise, namely those which do and don't give rise to a legal duty.Thus, a promise to meet one's other half for dinner at 7pm gives rise to no legal obligation – it is a â€Å"mere† promise – whereas a promise to sell someone a car for ? 5000 gives rise to legal obligation. b. A legal duty arising from that promise Here, English contract doctrine distinguishes between bilateral and unilateral contracts. A bilateral contract gives rise to obligations on both sides. Thus in a contract of sale, the seller has an obligation to transfer title in the thing sold to the buyer, whilst the buyer has an obligation to pay the price.A unilateral contract, by contrast, gives rise to obligations on one side only. Thus â€Å"I will give you ? 100 if you run a marathon† gives rise to a legal duty on the maker of the statement (the promisor) to pay the money if the race is run, whilst the person to whom the statement is made (the promisee) is under no obligation to run in the first place. c. A remedy for breach of that duty In considering the development of remedies, a fundamental distinction in English law between common law (often just abbreviated to law) and equity must be understood.For much of its history, England had two separate systems of law working side by side, each of which had different rules. One, administered by the courts of common pleas and King’s Bench, was called â€Å"the comm on law†; the other, presided over by the Lord Chancellor in the court of chancery was â€Å"equity†. Since the Judicature Acts of the nineteenth century the two systems have been administered by the same courts, although they remain separate sets of doctrine.Most important for our current purposes is that the two systems developed different sets of remedies for breach of contract, although other equitable rules which have application to contracts will be discussed as they arise. d. Proof of promise: Objective intention e. Form of promise: Offer & acceptance f. Form of promise: Certainty g. Validity of promise: Intention to create legal relations h. Validity of promise: Consideration †¢Consumer protection The United Kingdom, as member state of the European Union, is bound by the consumer protection directives of the EU.Domestic (UK) laws originated within the ambit of contract and tort but, with the influence of EU law, it is emerging as an independent area of law. In many circumstances, where domestic law is in question, the matter judicially treated as tort, contract, restitution or even criminal law. Consumer Protection issues are dealt with when complaints are made to the Director-General of Fair Trade. The Office of Fair Trading [3]will then investigate, impose an injunction or take the matter to litigation. However, consumers cannot directly complain to the OFT.Complaints need to be made to Consumer Direct who will provide legal advice to complainants, or re-direct the individual complaint to Trading Standards for investigation. Due to restrictions within the Enterprise Act 2002, individual complainants are unable to be told whether their case is being investigated or not. In very rare cases, Consumer Direct may direct a very large number of complaints to the OFT to be considered as a systemic complaint. The OFT can also be engaged by consumer groups e. g.The Consumers Association or the statutory consumer protection body – Consum er Focus – via a super complaint. The OFT rarely prosecute companies, however, preferring a light touch regulation approach. Consumer complaints against companies are not published, but investigation work, undertakings and enforcements are located at [2]. Many of the consumer protection laws e. g. Distance Selling Regulations 2000 or Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Act 1997 are actually UK implementations of EU directives. The OFT is one of the bodies responsible for enforcing these rules.This leads to a problem in that these examples of legislation are clearly designed to deal with individual complaints but the OFT will only deal with systemic complaints and will ignore individual complainants redirecting them back to Consumer Direct. The Office of Fair Trading [3] also acts as the UK's official consumer and competition watchdog, with a remit to make markets work well for consumers, and at a local, municipal level by Trading Standards departments. General consumer advice can be obtained from Consumer Direct or via a local branch of the Citizen's Advice Bureau. Employment laws The law has given employees – and in many cases other workers who might not count as employees – rights and entitlements in relation to how they are disciplined and dismissed, how their grievances are handled, wages, absence from work and sickness, holidays, work breaks and working hours, time off for family emergencies, maternity and paternity leave, the right to apply for flexible working, redundancy and retirement. All workers have the right not to be discriminated against in relation to their gender or orientation, race, age, disabilities, or religion and beliefs.Staff who feel they have been denied their rights have redress by taking their employers to an Employment Tribunal. The chances of this happening have increased three-fold for employers in the past decade or so. There was a year on year increase in Employment Tribunal claims of 56 per cent last year ( 2009-10) bringing the number of claims received to their highest level ever at 236,100 claims (source: Tribunals Service). In unfair dismissal cases employers can be ordered to pay compensation of more than ? 76,000. In discrimination cases compensation awards are theoretically unlimited and six-figure payouts are not uncommon.

Growing Up A Reflection Essay On Life essays

Growing Up A Reflection Essay On Life essays Growing Up: A Reflection Essay on Life -Michael Hof Do you remember your world when you were a small child? Can you picture a single day as a 3rd Grader? Better yet, can you picture one as a kindergartener? Do you remember your old views and dreams? I do. I remember my past so very vividly: the games, the friends, the hopes, the ignorant bliss. I remember playing house with the girl who would be my first love. We would make Witchs Brew in the back and play Olympics in the front. I remember playing twisted games of Ghost in the Graveyard with the rest of the kids on my street. The rules didnt make sense, but werent those the funnest games of all? I remember thinking that smoking, drinking, swearing, gangs, and guys getting their ears pierced were all bad things. I remember my friends agreeing with me. Things change, though, dont they? Whether you want them to or not, they change. As you get older you make little exceptions. Just this once. One more little thing. This is the absolute last thing!, and everyones favorite, Maybe this wont be so bad. It never really stops. Change happens without asking, too. Friends move. You move. Fights occur. People just drift apart. People die. Change happens. All of this tends to shape that perfect future you once had. My life changed way more than I ever wanted it to. I have changed. My family has changed. The city I grew up in has changed. But most important, my friends have changed. The girl I played with, the girl I loved, shunned me. We havent spoken in forever. I havent heard from the guy I ...

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essays

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essays How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay In most modern-day industrialized states, adult females s engagement rates have been lifting. Since the 1980s, adult females s employment has become more uninterrupted, even among female parents with kids. ( Lewis, 2009:27 ) However, despite of the optimistic lifting employment rate among adult females, the calling interruption due to maternity still has a major impact on adult females s callings. Some adult females opt for part-time occupations after giving birth to child/children while some might go out the labor till their kids reach school ages. This essay aims to analyze the impact of maternity on adult females s calling in footings of adult females s work and care determination and type of plants female parents do under different eventualities. As Windebank ( 2001:269 ) points out that there are great fluctuations in female parent s employment engagement rates and calling forms across states, this essay chiefly focuses on female parents calling picks an d forms in two states, viz. Sweden ( a generous public assistance state which endeavoring for adult females s equality ) and the United Kingdom. The first portion of the essay briefly negotiations about the general impacts of maternity on adult females s calling followed by the descriptions of adult females s calling picks ( e.g. work or care determination ) and calling forms ( e.g. full-time VS. part-time, types of work female parents do ) in the two states mentioned. In the concluding portion, the possible accounts to the forms found in both states will be addressed, such as the economic inducement, societal norms, institutional context, and adult females s instruction degree. And the essay will be concluded by sum uping the impacts of maternity on adult females s calling and discoursing its deductions for policy shapers. Motherhood s Impact on Women s Career The grounds ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:335 ) shows that maternity could hold impacts on adult females s engagement rate both before and after the childbearing. In their article, the female engagement rates in all three states, viz. the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, have declined since 12 months before the childbearing and neer return to the original degree 24 months after the childbearing. Hewlett ( 2005 ) besides states that 37 % of adult females take some sort of interruption from work to accomplish appropriate work-life balance. Although 93 % of those adult females who taken a interruption after give a birth to kids want to re-enter the occupation market, merely 74 % are successful, among these merely 40 % return to full clip work. The statistics suggests that maternity does affect adult females s calling to a different grades and it could last over a long period of clip. In general, motherhood itself presents four picks for adult females. First, adult females could stay in their full-time occupations after giving birth to their child/children. Second, they could take a more flexible occupation or a parttime work to accomplish work life balance after going a female parent. Third, adult females could take to go out the labour force for good for their households. Forth, adult females could go forth the labor market temporarily and return to work after a piece ( e.g. when their child/children reach school age ) ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:330 ) . However, adult females who take the last option might happen hard to return to the labor market. As Joshi et Al ( 1996 ) point out that losing of tie with the labor market due to the complete issue could deprecate adult females s human capital and do future entryway hard. Therefore, the longer a female parent is out of the labour force, the harder it is for her to return to work. Mother s Career Choices and Patterns in Sweden Bing one of the most generous public assistance provinces, Sweden is frequently regarded as a function theoretical account in footings of endeavoring for equal adult females rights. In fact, most Swedish adult females work fulltime anterior to give birth and the bulk of adult females do return to paid work ( either long part-time or full-time ) after the pregnancy leave. Harmonizing to the Statistics Sweden ( a taking Swedish official statistics website ) , there are more than 80 per centum of Swedish female parents in the labor market by the twelvemonth of 1999. The high return rate is likely attributed to its long paid parental leave. Harmonizing to the Swedish Law, all parents ( employed prior to give birth ) are entitled to 12 months leave with about 3,600 Pounds income replacing ( up to 80 % of their income before childbearing ) plus 90 yearss of Guaranteed yearss with 6 lbs per twenty-four hours. Besides, parents rights to return to labor market are guaranteed by Swedish la bour ordinances. ( Bjornberg, 2002:34 ) These policies non merely assist adult females to accommodate the work and care balance during the most hard period ( with little kid under 1 twelvemonth old ) , but besides promote adult females to take portion in work force after pregnancy work by guaranting them better opportunities of being employed. As a consequence, kid under 1 twelvemonth is normally taken attention at place by their parents ( chiefly female parents ) . And among kids aged 1-6 old ages, institutional attention alternatively of place attention is normally chosen by Swedish parents as that most female parents could return to their occupations afterwards. The statistics ( Statistics Sweden, 2008 ) shows that 86 % of kids aged 1-6 old ages are in municipal twenty-four hours attention in the twelvemonth 2007. Based on the observations, Bjornberg ( 2002:39 ) suggests that the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account with female parents as homemakers is non supported i n Sweden instead a dual-earner theoretical account is more common and acceptable in Sweden. The high return rate does non happen among female parents with one kid but among female parents with more than one kid as good. As the Swedish policy provinces that the parent is able to bask the same insured income degree if the following child-birth is within 30 months of the old kid. Therefore, it makes possible for female parents with more than one kid to return to labor market after pregnancy leave without worrying about the costs and losing their working rights. It is interesting to observe that many returned female parents in Sweden choose to get down work as part-timers. Traditionally, parttime work frequently associated with features such as low wage, no benefits and low position, nevertheless, parttime work in Sweden has a different significance. The long working hours ( e.g. 30 hours per hebdomad ) gives parttime a non-marginalized characteristic in Sweden. And parttime working female parents are by and large treated likewise to their full-time co-workers and able to hold more liberty in their clip ( Sundstrom and Duvander, 2000 ) . Fagan and Lallement ( 2000:45 ) indicate that parttime workers have integrated into Swedish labor market and received equal intervention in labour jurisprudence and pay constructions . Mother s Career Choices and Patterns in the United Kingdom Prosecuting to be a broad public assistance province , the U.K. authorities has besides come up with expressed policies to accommodate paid work and household life in footings of child care services, child care leave and flexible working hours since 1997. ( Lewis and Campbell, 2007:4 ) Evidence shows that the freshly introduced family-friendly enterprises do hold certain effects in altering the British labor market state of affairss. The mother engagement rate in the market has increased from 24 % in 1979 to 67 % in 1999 ( Dench et al. , 2002 ) although among returned female parents, many engage in part-time instead than full-time occupations. Statisticss ( Social Trends, 2005 ) shows that 40 % of adult females aged 16 to 59 with kids are in a parttime occupation. However, the parttime work has a different definition in UK comparison to that of Sweden in footings of the on the job hours. Part-time female parents merely work approximately 16 hours per hebdomad in U.K. ( Bishop, 20 04 ) which is much shorter than 30+ hours in Sweden. In the facet of public child care system, it is non every bit popular as that of Sweden due to the hapless making of childcare staff in UK and a deficiency of support. ( Lewis and Campbell, 2007 ) In general, alternatively of the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account or Swedish dual-earner theoretical account, Britain parents are taking a one-and-a-half earner theoretical account, which male parents work long hours ( 48+ hours per hebdomad ) while female parents work short hours ( about 16 hours ) . ( Christine and Tang, 2004 ) Therefore, untypical occupation ( e.g. parttime work ) and switch parenting are common in UK. ( Lavalle et al. , 2002 ) Explanations to the Patterns Found Based on the findings of both Sweden and UK, it is clear that maternity affects adult females s calling non merely in the signifier of calling interruptions during childbearing but besides in footings of the after-effects on equilibrating work and child care. There are several similarities found among working female parents in both states, for case, both states have a comparatively high mother return rate. However, parttime female parents in Sweden are apparently to bask a better benefit coverage, position and pay compared to female parents in U.K. In the undermentioned portion of the essay, the grounds account for the different forms observed will be discussed and whether the high return rate reflects adult females s true penchant between work and household will be explored. Harmonizing to Hakim ( 2000 ) , the difference in work and attention determination made by female parents is determined by each adult female s penchant. However, many research workers criticize Hakim s statement by demoing other factors which curtailing adult females s determinations, such as the income degree of the family, institutional context, societal norm and adult females s instruction degree. Household Income Level Household income degree straight limits female parent s determination on work and attention. Harmonizing to Vlasblom and Schippers ( 2006 ) , female parents are more likely to travel back to labor market if the benefit for engagement is larger than its chance costs. For case, most female parents in Sweden choose to work as adult females s income in a family is every bit of import as their spouses in order to keep a high life criterion every bit near as possible to those of families without kids . ( Bjornberg, 2002:36 ) In the instance of U.K. , the lessening in household subsidy in revenue enhancement system during the 1990s has made child care more dearly-won, ( Sainsbury, 1999 ) as a consequence, many British female parents chose to return to workforce during that clip. However, unlike Sweden, high quality and low-cost public child care is non widely spread in U.K. Harmonizing to Taylor s study ( 2003 ) , there are merely 8 % of organisations offering fiscal aid with child care costs and 3 % organisations supplying child care for their employees. Therefore, the deficiency of child care service and the high costs associated with child care outsourcing for working parents has explained the increasing figure of parttime working female parents and the switching child care agreement between parents in U.K. Social Norms Under the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account, female parents are expected to go homemakers while male parents will be the lone income beginning for the family. However, as clip base on ballss by, the societal norm has been changed and working female parents are more acceptable in both states ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006 ) . And in Sweden, adult females to hold a paid employment before childbearing is indispensable as the replacement income during 12 months pregnancy leave is determined by adult females s salary degree prior to giving birth. Those female parents who were homemakers do non have any income benefit during the first twelvemonth of kid attention ( Bjornberg, 2002 ) . Such policies, to a certain extent, have reinforced the adult females s importance in the occupation market and increased the credence of adult females s function as workers in general. However, in both states, the increasing in adult females engagement rate and societal credence of working female parents does non fit the alterations in their male partners behaviors. Gershuny ( 2000 ) points out that work forces s engagement in unpaid work is much lower than adult females s engagement rate in paid work. Harmonizing to Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson ( 2001:432 ) , father s work agenda is considered as fixed and inalterable and female parents concern about kids s wellbeing more than male parents do, as a consequence, the dialogues come to rest between the adult female and her scruples instead than between the female parent and the male parent. Uneven distribution of domestic jobs, particularly child care is still prevailing presents. In U.K. , the long on the job hours of work forces has left the child care to female parents chiefly. Without the aid from their partners, it is more hard for female parents to unite the work and child care and therefore, full-time work is f requently non an available option for many British female parents. The state of affairs in Sweden is comparatively better than that in U.K. due to the debut of compulsory Daddy Month policy. However, Even in state like Sweden, fathers merely pass merely half the clip in taking attention of kids as their spouses do ( Gornick and Meyers, 2008:318 ) . Institutional Context Institutional context is one of the most critical factor in determining adult females s work and attention determination. Often, the alteration in female parent s behavior is as a consequence of alteration in institutional policies, such as the reduced in household subsidy mentioned above. Both British authorities and Swedish authorities are taking to advance waged labors through its policies, like extension of pregnancy leave, childcare proviso or flexible working-hour patterns, in order to pull female parents into work force and to increase the labour supply and revenue enhancement base ( OECD, 2005 ) . However, these two states have varied grade of success in obtaining the end. The difference in institutional policies explains why the part-time female parents in Sweden could concentrate on their work better than those of U.K. First of wholly, the public child care is well-developed and widely used in Sweden, hence, most Swedish adult females are able to work long hr parttime or full-time occupation without worrying deficiency of proper attention for their kids. Besides, the debut of Daddy Month in Sweden has increased the male parent s engagement in child care undertaking and therefore, reduces the load from female parents. Harmonizing to the statistics, 77 % of male parent in Sweden took up the whole month leave in 1995. However, the formal child care is either excessively expensive or ailing organized in U.K. which forces most British female parents to care kids in private and restricts their calling development. Besides, the long working hours for British male parents makes sharing private child care more hard and frequently female parents have to alter their working hours in order to accommodate their spouse s more stiff agendas for child care. Therefore, female parents calling in U.K. is more likely to be disturbed than their opposite number in Sweden. Women s Educational Degree Besides the differences in external factors, such as the policies, income and societal norms, the educational degree among adult females besides affect the grade of maternity s impacts on their callings. The educational degree here non merely refers to the initial instruction ( Portela, 2001 ) , but besides the working experiences and personal capablenesss a adult female possesses. Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson ( 2001:407 ) suggests that female parents with different societal background have different maternity experiences and interpreted the significance of the maternity otherwise. In general, low-skilled female workers are more likely to go out the labour force for their kids than those high-skilled workers ( Cantillon at al. , 2001 ) . And Hofferth et Al. s ( 1996 ) survey is consistent with Cantillon s findings, demoing that high-skilled adult females tend to utilize formal child care while low-skilled adult females tend to supply child care themselves. As a consequence, high-skilled adult females are more likely to perpetrate themselves into their work without worrying about the child care. At the same clip, with the high net incomes gained from work, they are able to afford the formal child care while for the low-skilled adult females who can non afford the formal child care with the low net incomes, remaining at place to look after their kids becomes the lone option for them. In UK, 75 per centum of extremely educated adult females with kids aged under 5 old ages old are actively participate in paid work while merely 24 per centum of adult females without makings are in work force. ( EOR, 2001 ) Similar consequences are found among Swedish adult females excessively. Besides, Sundstrom and Duvander ( 2000 ) found that parents with higher educational degree are more likely to portion the domestic undertakings including child care than twosomes with lower educational degree. Therefore, it confirms the position that adult females whose degree of instruction is high is more likely to take portion in work. Decision This essay has examined the maternity impact on adult females s calling pick and forms in Sweden and the U.K. The findings show that both states have an increasing female parent engagement rate. But despite of the optimistic lifting working female parent Numberss in both states, working female parents callings are still affected by the maternity. Not merely that full-time work option is no longer available for many female parents due to the load of child care, parttime working female parents are by and large more hard to concentrate on their occupations, particularly in the U.K where formal proviso of formal child care system is non well-developed. Besides, possible factors, such as household income degree, societal norms, institutional policies and adult females s educational degree, which restrict female parent s work and attention determination, are explored in the essay. However, there are many other factors which could determine the maternity s impact on adult females s calling , for case, the figure of kids. Womans with smaller household size have less calling interruptions and pass less clip on child care, therefore they have better chance to impart their energy into paid work ( Gill et al. , 2000 ) . Besides, the lifting divorce rate and high teenage gestation rate consequence an addition in singe-mother households. Motherhood s impact on individual female parent household could be different from normal households. After analysing the possible factors which affect working female parents callings, how their handiness to the labor market and position could be increased is the cardinal challenge that should be addressed. Based on Sweden and the U.K. instances, it is clear that institutional policies could a powerful tool for making a better environment for working female parents. For case, the Daddy Month introduced by Swedish authorities has been successful in undertaking the unequal division of work among work forces and adult females and this policy could be learnt by other states excessively. In amount, in order to increase working mother s full-time engagement rate and accomplish better work-life balance in the society, authoritiess should put more on the institutional policies. In another word, following the construct of diversity/mainstreaming , authorities should alter the focal point from seeking to suit working female parents into the society to altering the society/organization/cul ture to encompass differences by doing working female parents issue cardinal to every facet of the policy. Word: 2930

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Marie Sklodowska Curie - 1867 to 1934 Marie Curie is best known for discovering radium, yet she achieved many more accomplishments. Here is a brief biography of her claim to fame. Born November 7, 1867Warsaw, Poland Died July 4, 1934Sancellemoz, France Claim to Fame Radioactivity Research Notable Awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) [together with Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie]Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) Summary of Accomplishments Marie Curie pioneered radioactivity research, She was the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person to win the award in two different sciences (Linus Pauling won Chemistry and Peace). She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie was the first female professor at the Sorbonne. More About Maria Sklodowska-Curie or Marie Curie Maria Sklodowska was the daughter of Polish schoolteachers. She took work as a teacher after her father lost his savings through a bad investment. She also participated in the nationalist â€Å"free university,† in which she read in Polish to women workers. She worked as a governess in Poland to support her older sister in Paris and eventually joined them there. She met and married Pierre Curie while she was studying science at the Sorbonne. They studied radioactive materials, particularly the ore pitchblende. On December 26, 1898, the Curies announced the existence of an unknown radioactive substance found in pitchblende that was more radioactive than uranium. Over the course of several years, Marie and Pierre processed tons of pitchblende, progressively concentrating the radioactive substances and eventually isolating the chloride salts (radium chloride was isolated on April 20, 1902). They discovered two new chemical elements. Polonium was named for Curies native country, Poland, and radium was named for its intense radioactivity. In 1903, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. This made Curie the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. In 1911 Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element. The Curies did not patent the radium isolation process, choosing to let the scientific community freely continue research. Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia, almost certainly from unshielded exposure to hard radiation.

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Buisness - Essay Example as a template for a business proposal for a new Blackberry accessory company in the UAE, as a benchmark for how best to gain consumer interest and which specific aspects of design should be left out. This new business is described in this report, along with a discussion of the current business environment in the UAE in order to determine whether the new online company, Mobile by Design, can actually be competitive and turn a profit in a growing business climate. There is evidence that there is a high consumer demand not only for Blackberry and other mobile technology products, but a strong e-procurement system is also being developed which will assist in the supply chain needs of the new start-up internet commerce company. With various partnerships, trade show promotions, and print advertisements (amongst other opportunities for promotion), Mobile by Design intends to corner the UAE market in the sale of these devices. The promotional and consumer segmenting plans for this new busine ss are described in this paper. Two online companies selling different consumer merchandise were compared and contrasted in order to determine whether they were designed and launched according to web site design principles. These two e-commerce websites are Musicroom.com and Amazon.co.uk. Musicroom is an online company selling to specific niche markets in the music industry, with their products ranging from music sheets to musical instruments, as well as various CDs and DVDs associated with the music industry. Amazon.co.uk is a conglomerate online organisation selling everything from bedding sheets to bulk food products and services not only the UK, but the whole of the Amazon.com company services a multi-national consumer audience. Musicroom.com utilises very eye-catching graphics on the company’s home page, using a blend of different, vibrant yellows, reds and blues in order to enhance the users’ visual perception of the company and its website design. Seigel (2005) offers that

Financial accounting Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial accounting - Math Problem Example You should not provide impairment losses in the financial statement as these will decrease our reported profit and may be misleading for tax authorities and shareholder. We have a responsibility of disclosing fair and accurate information, therefore we should not provide for impairment losses until we want to close our operations. Our business investment buildings will be included at their fair value according to the judgment of auditors in the balance under long-term leases head. This will be done according to IAS 16 principles which calls for fair-value to be include in the balance sheet. Fair value consists of costs less depreciation less impairment losses. Since, we are not charging any depreciation, we can simply state these building at their NRV that according to you come around $2.5 Million. You have also asked me about how to treat grants. You are right about the fact that we can treat it as deferred income. IAS 20 allows us to treat it as deferred income. However, this option may increase will increase our profit and will also result in more tax payments. So, it is better to not treat it as tax income and instead amortize it completely by adjusting it with the purchase of fixed assets.

Buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Buisness - Essay Example as a template for a business proposal for a new Blackberry accessory company in the UAE, as a benchmark for how best to gain consumer interest and which specific aspects of design should be left out. This new business is described in this report, along with a discussion of the current business environment in the UAE in order to determine whether the new online company, Mobile by Design, can actually be competitive and turn a profit in a growing business climate. There is evidence that there is a high consumer demand not only for Blackberry and other mobile technology products, but a strong e-procurement system is also being developed which will assist in the supply chain needs of the new start-up internet commerce company. With various partnerships, trade show promotions, and print advertisements (amongst other opportunities for promotion), Mobile by Design intends to corner the UAE market in the sale of these devices. The promotional and consumer segmenting plans for this new busine ss are described in this paper. Two online companies selling different consumer merchandise were compared and contrasted in order to determine whether they were designed and launched according to web site design principles. These two e-commerce websites are Musicroom.com and Amazon.co.uk. Musicroom is an online company selling to specific niche markets in the music industry, with their products ranging from music sheets to musical instruments, as well as various CDs and DVDs associated with the music industry. Amazon.co.uk is a conglomerate online organisation selling everything from bedding sheets to bulk food products and services not only the UK, but the whole of the Amazon.com company services a multi-national consumer audience. Musicroom.com utilises very eye-catching graphics on the company’s home page, using a blend of different, vibrant yellows, reds and blues in order to enhance the users’ visual perception of the company and its website design. Seigel (2005) offers that

The Phoenix hospital Essay Example for Free

The Phoenix hospital Essay The Phoenix Hospital has asked me to create a computer application to replace the existing manual one. In this system patient details have to be kept and information about borrowing of equipment. Records must be kept of what equipment has been borrowed, by whom and when, and also if any equipment is not available because it is being repaired. Aim My aim is to successfully create a database for the hospital, which they can4 use on an everyday basis. The database will need to: Ability to store details of equipment. Item code to identify the item and the type of equipment.   For each piece of equipment it must find:- whether it is available, being repaired or out on loan if on loan, to whom and at what address or ward number if on loan, when is it due to be returned or the loan renewed if being repaired, when was it sent for repair   Produce a hard copy of the above information for any piece of equipment.   Equipment is lent out for a 6- week period, this can be renewed for periods of 6 weeks.   Patients may have more than one piece of equipment on loan at a particular time.   At any one time, about half the equipment will be out on loan and 1 or 2 pieces will be in for repair. Names and addresses of patients are to be invented. Ward numbers are W1- W10. At the end of each week, a full report of the location of all equipment is to be produced. If equipment is due for return or renewal during the following week, that patient will be contacted. There is a standard letter for this purpose. Design Definition of Data Requirements I need to design tables, forms and queries which will enable me to meet the above aims. Record Structure Patient Table Field Name Data Type Field Length/ Format Validation Rule Input Mask Patient id AutoNumber Long Integer Title Text 5   Forname Text 50- Surname Text 50   gender Text Loan ID Number Long Integer   Item ID Text 50 Returned Yes/No   Figure 6 Loan Table Record Structure Design of Forms Patient Form Figure 7 Design of Patient Form Equipment Details Form Figure 8 Design of Equipment Details Form Welcome Screen Form Figure 9 Design of Welcome Screen Repair Form Figure 10 Design of Repair Table Design of Reports Locations Report Figure 11 design of Locations Report Equipment on Loan at End of Week Report Figure 12 Design of Equipment on Loan at End of Week Report Security and Integrity of Data Security and integrity are very important aspects of a database. I have made sure the database is secure from hackers, thieves and from general mistakes messing up the system. Security can be done using passwords to keep out people who shouldnt access areas. There are different levels of access rights these are read-only, Read/Write and No Access. Backup can help keep hold of important data in the event of the system being destroyed. Therefore the more frequently that backups are done the better. Integrity will minimize the amount of errors going into the system. Validating data in the database will help keep it in good working order and make it easy to search for data when needed.

Project Design of Portable Stand for Tablet Computer

Project Design of Portable Stand for Tablet Computer 1.1 Customer Specification We were approached by a leading computer brand to design a small, lightweight and portable stand that can be used for any of the companys tablet computers. The company had a strong emphasis on the product being portable and the ability to fit into the end users pocket. The product should allow the end user to easily watch movies, read eBooks, surf the web, conduct a presentation, view photos and much more. The company would be looking to retail this product at  £11.99 and each unit should cost no more than  £4 to manufacture. They have also given us 12 months to complete the design with a prototype to be viewed in month 9. 1.2 Design Specification After considering the customers specification we began to brainstorm to generate possible solutions. First of all the product is to be small and lightweight which makes the material to be used one of the most important factors. Due to the low production price the stand will be made from ABS plastic resin which can be injection moulded. The stand will consist of 5 injection moulded parts which are connected by screw pivot barrels. The bottom of the tablet will feature a non-skid cushioned pad which will allow the stand to be used almost anywhere. Width (Folded)2.5 cm Length (Folded)17.8 cm Height (Folded)2.5 cm Weight 85g No of moulded parts5 1.3 Safety Considerations The first point of action is to identify all safety and non-safety critical engineering safety considerations, Customer safety requirements and design safety requirements. For doing this there are many techniques that will be used: Risk Assessment Identify hazards Observe what actually happens and identify hazards that can reasonably be expected to be present. Attention will be taken to any significant hazards which could cause serious harm or affect a number of people. Employees will be asked for their views as they may be aware of hazards which are not immediately obvious. Who can be harmed? Everyone should be taken into consideration during the risk assessment, including individuals who may not be present at all times. Evaluate risk- This will assess the likelihood that harm from a particular hazard may happen whilst also taking into consideration the precautions already in place. Record findings- Significant findings must be recorded by writing them down. Details of how the assessment was made will be unnecessary. Written documents should be kept for future reference as they may help to demonstrate that legal obligations have been met. Review and arise- The whole process will be reviewed and new processes or procedures introduced can then lead to new hazards which would result in the need for a new review of all assessments to be carried out to keep them up to date. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis FMEA This analytical technique explores the effects of failures or malfunctions of individual components in a system. This will be the first step of a reliability study. This will involve reviewing all the components and assembly of the stand to identify failure modes and their causes and effects. If any part of the stand fails what will be the result? The development of the design and testing of the product should ensure that failures have been eliminated or the risk has been reduced to an acceptable level. Advantages: Improve the quality, reliability and safety of the product Improve company image and competitiveness Increase user satisfaction Reduce system development time and cost Reduce the potential for warranty concerns Early identification and elimination of potential failure modes Increases teamwork and idea exchange Reduce the possibility of same kind of failure in future Fault Tree Analysis This is a graphical technique that will provide a systematic description of the combinations of possible occurrences in a system. This can result in an undesirable outcome. This analysis method will be used to understand how things can fail and to identify the best way to reduce the risk of these happening. Fault tree analysis will be used to: Understand the logic leading to the undesired state Show compliance with safety/reliability requirements Prioritize the contributors leading to the undesired state/event Monitor and control the safety performance Minimise and optimise resources Assist in the design of the product Function as a diagnostic tool Event Tree Analysis This will allow us to see what pathway is creating the greatest probability of failure. This is based on binary logic where an event has or has not happened. It is valuable in analysing the consequences arising from a failure or undesired event. The event tree will begin with an initiating event. The consequences of this event are followed through a series of possible paths where each path will be assigned a probability of occurrences allowing them to be calculated. Advantages: Enables the assessment of multiple faults and failures No need to anticipate end events Areas of single point failure, system vulnerability may be identified and assessed Allows resources to be deployed properly Work can be computerized Visual cause and effect relationship Relatively easy to learn and execute Follows easy to see fault paths Combines hardware, software, environment, and human interaction Permits probability assessment Commercial software is available 1.4 Project Schedule Month à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  Event à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¢ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Problem Identified Initial research Develop Product Build Prototype Testing Redesign Communicate and conclude Problem Identified The customer provided us with their specification required for the proposed new product.Initial research After Looking over the customer specification research will be conducted to see what products already exist. A brainstorming session will then take place to come up with potential solutions including pro and con lists. From these a best product will then be selected to go ahead and produce.Develop Product Once the best possible product has been identified the key requirements for each feature is selected. This will then give and idea of materials needed and how they will construct the tablet. This will then allow costs to be calculated.Build Prototype First of all the prototype will be created using CAD software in two and three dimensions. This prototype created in CAD will have all dimensions with tolerances and finishes. This will then be passed onto the production team to construct. This will also be shown to the customer at this stage to ensure it meets exp ectation.Testing Once the prototype arrives it must be tested and evaluated to determine if it works and meets the original customer specification. Minor adjustments may be needed at this point to finalise the design.Redesign Using the information gathered during testing, evaluation of the design the solution can then be optimised and revised to achieve better results.Communicate and conclude The final product will be shown to the customer before mass production will follow depending on the feedback from the customer. 2.1 Manufacturing considerations. The prototype was originally modelled using 3d CAD software from where this design was then passed on to the production team to create a solid model of the stand. The prototype did function in the correct manner but the weight was a slight issue. With the product being designed to be portable the weight would need to be reduced. It was decided that the solid components would be hollowed and supports would be set between each side of a component to strengthen them. The total cost for production has been set not to exceed  £4 per unit. The intention is for the stand to be mass produced to decrease product cost and increase profit margin. Due to the small nature of each individual part the best possible way of constructing these will be to use the injection moulding process. Injection moulding is one of the leading methods of producing plastic components. This is a fast process which is used to produce a large number of identical items. After considering many different materials it was established that ABS plastic resin met all the characteristics needed to form each component whilst also being cheaper than many of the other materials available. The companys current injection moulding machine will be used for making the 5 plastic resin components. A 3d model of this is shown below: The clamping end with moving platen takes half of the mould tool. This opens and closes the mould and supplies sufficient force to keep the mould closed when molten ABS resin is injected under pressure. The injection unit takes plastic raw plastic resin granules, heats them until molten, and injects them into the mould. The rotating screw forces the plastic along the barrel. When the right amount of material for the next shot has accumulated the screw stops rotating. The screw then acts like a plunger moving forward and forcing the molten plastic into the mould tool. Materials There were many different materials that could be used for making the individual parts but after much consideration it was decided that ABS plastic resin pellets would be used. ABS is a thermoplastic resin commonly used for injection moulding applications. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) possesses medium strength and performance at a low cost. It is available in multiple grades, colours, and Izod impact ratings. ABS Features Benefits: Easily machined Tough Low cost Rigid High impact strength Ideal for moulding Good chemical and stress cracking resistance Excellent abrasion resistance; electrical properties, moisture and creep resistance. Availability At the moment ABS pellets can be purchased from Zibo City Linzi Yixiang Chemical Co. Ltd. In China and shipped to the UK for  £1000 per Metric Ton which is 1000000grams. Each rotational part will be held together by 5g pivot barrels also shipped from Asia costing  £0.20p per unit. With each fully built unit weighing in around 85grams and requiring 3 pivot barrels each unit would cost: 1000000/70=14286 units  £1000/14286= 0.6p per unit in ABS material ABS material + 3 pivot barrels =  £0.66p per unit material cost. This price does not include cost of production. 2.2 Simulation/Modelling The design process will utilize the use of CAD to produce the trailers drafting and design. By using CAD this will allow the quality of the design to be improved whilst also speeding up the design process. The drafted design of the trailer will be used by any professional involved in the construction of the trailer. 3d simulation also allows for real life situations to be tested prior to the build. Advantages and disadvantages of using CAD Advantages Can be more accurate than hand-drawn designs which reduce human error. You can save and edit ideas, which make it easier and cheaper to modify your design as you go along. You can modify existing ideas, which saves time. Disadvantages The software itself can be expensive so initial costs are high. Staff need to be trained how to use the software, which also adds to costs. Requires a PC. Safety Considerations Although the product is fairly small and compact there are still many safety issues that need to be taken into consideration. Legislation should also be adhered to. Plastic materials are generally inert and lend themselves to product safety. The safety of plastic materials and products which will be used by users and consumers is extremely important to the company and to the industry as a whole. The cost problems associated with exercises such as product recalls and product failure could have a negative image on the company. The risk assessment technique used for tablet stand was a Fault Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). This method will explore the effect of malfunctions and failures for the individual parts of the product whilst also looking at what can happen within the working environment. The essential questions which are asked in regards to the working environment are: What are the hazards? Who could be harmed and how? What are the effects? What is currently done? Can anything else be done? What are the hazards? Who can be harmed and how? Whats being done? What can be done? Slips and trips Staff/contractors may be injured if they trip over objects or slip on spillages. à ¢-   Procedures for oil spillages in place and are adhered to à ¢-   Floors are in good condition à ¢-   Staff wear safety shoes à ¢-   Good lighting throughout No further action required Use of injection machinery Staff/contractors may suffer serious injury from unguarded moving parts of machinery à ¢-   All dangerous parts of machinery guarded to manufacturers standards à ¢-   All new machinery checked before first use à ¢-   Machinery guards are properly maintained and inspected No further action required Workplace transport Staff may suffer serious, fatal, injuries if struck by a vehicle or fork lift truck. à ¢-  Good segregation measures are on site, à ¢-   All staff, including contractors, wear hi-visibility work wear à ¢-   Annual safety inspections Provide safety rules before jobs begin Manual handling Staff may suffer back pain from handling heavy/bulky objects. à ¢-  Staff are trained in safe manual handling à ¢-   Safe system of work agreed à ¢-   Manual handling aids are No further action required Fire Staff could have fatal injuries from smoke inhalation or burns. à ¢-  Fire risk assessment had been previously done, and any necessary action taken, à ¢-   Staff and contractors told of fire and evacuation policy No further action required Noise Staff may suffer discomfort and potential hearing damage if working in noisy areas or using noisy equipment. à ¢-   If possible, jobs in production areas done when the injection moulding machines are not in use à ¢-   Staff provided with ear defenders or suitable hearing protection when required à ¢-   Machinery is maintained to ensure they run as quietly as possible No further action required The essential questions which are asked in regards to the product are: How can each part fail? What might cause this failure? What will the effects of failure be? How serious are these failures? How are the failures detected? Component Potential Failure Potential effects of failure Severity Potential causes of failure How will failure be detected Action to control risk Plastic Parts Breaking Unusable and possible tablet breakage II End user misuse Visual Instructions provided Plastic Parts Melting Product wont function II End user misuse Visual Instructions provided Plastic Parts Wear and tear Unstable I Overuse Visual Warranty Plastic Parts Causing harm End user harm. Potential Legal issues III Finishing Visual Instructions provided Pivot Screws Breaking Unusable and possible tablet breakage II End user misuse Visual Instructions provided Pivot Screws Wear and tear Still usable but not 100% I Overuse Visual Warranty The level of risk is determined by: Risk = probability of failure * Severity factor Severity Categorised Category Probability Description I Minor Functional failure of part of machine or process no potential for injury II Critical Failure will probably occur without major damage to system or serious injury III Major Major damage to system and/or potential serious injury or personal IV Catastrophic Failure causes complete system loss and/or potential for fatal injury Probability Categorised Level Probability Individual failure mode A 10-1 Frequent Likely to occur frequently B 10-2 Probable Likely to occur several times in the life of the product C 10-3 Occasional Likely to occur sometime in the life of the product D 10-4 Remote Unlikely to occur but possible E 10-5 Improbable So unlikely that occurrence may not be experienced A RP1 High Risk B RP2 C RP3 Medium Risk D Low Risk E I II III IV Severity Category Legislation The company currently adheres to ISO 9001:2008 for the plastic sector which aims to improve the efficiency of all operations within the sector, whether in manufacturing or distributing. 2.4 Details of the final design 3.1 Product Evaluation. When evaluating the design there are a wide range of methods and strategies. The one used in this instance is: F.A.C.E. value Function What does it do and how does it work? Aesthetics Is it attractive, why and what makes it so? Construction What is it made from, how and why? Economics How much does it cost and is this good value for money? Function: The stand will hold a number of current products in landscape or horizontal position for ease of use. Aesthetics: The product was never designed to be good looking but functional. Construction: The product was eventually made from ABS plastic resin due to its properties and cost. The constructed parts are held together with pivot screws due to their cost and ease of use. Economics: The customer had given us a maximum price to work too which enabled us to use strict guidelines when it came to purchasing products. Most of the materials were imported from China due to price issues. Although the product may seem good value money from our point of view, this may not be replicated by the end customer. 3.2 Team Working. Although everyone was not capable of working within a team, the selected group which were proved that teamwork has many benefits. The team worked more efficiently and speed was also increased compared to individual workers. This method also offered support for any members ideas. Creativity Increases: The group brainstorming activity process provided incredible results. Everyone came up with their own vision of the best way of creating the product to the customer needs. The team then decided which idea was the best and then continued to develop this in detail together. This was an invaluable process where team members could give instant feedback on what they thought what would and wouldnt work. Speed: Individuals have different strengths and weaknesses. When it came to tackling the project together the team delegated the workload among themselves according to each others skills. This no only saved time but it also allowed distribution of work within the team ensuring everything was done in the best possible way. Effect on Worker Morale: As staff members were working closely together as a successful team, they spend more time together and begin to know each other. This then created a good relationship between the employees. They started to feel proud of what they had achieved ad contributed to the project which also made them feel good about themselves. This seemed to help their self-esteem. Effect on Individual Responsibility: The overall product was produced by teamwork; all the team members felt they had to deliver to their highest abilities. Everyone had a clear understanding that they were responsible for a specific task and the entire team was depending on them doing a good job. 3.3 Evaluation of Safety During the design process safety was one of the main aspects to consider. Many materials were considered but due too certain aspects whether it was finishing or the product being fire retardant. ABS was eventually picked as this would reduce risk in the overall design of the product. The risk assessments carried out for the workplace proved invaluable as this gave the company a clear indication of what was currently being done within the working environment and what could still be done to improve the safety.