Reaction Paper on Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley

Reaction Paper on Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley Crome Yellow is the first novel by Aldous Huxley, who is much more well-known for his later works, such as Brave New World and Point Counter Point. In my opinion, however, this book deserves the same amount of attention, if not more. The plot is centered on a group of intellectuals taking part in a house party at the manor named â€Å"Crome†. Actually, to say â€Å"plot† in connection with this book is to strain the notion of plot to the extreme, for there is hardly any – the text is mostly concerned with the antics of the people in question, who represent a hilarious mishmash of all kinds of weirdness. There is Mr. Wimbush, Crome’s owner and a self-appointed historian, who knows the households of his ancestors better than his own; his wife, spending most of her time composing the horoscopes of race-horses in order to invest her money scientifically; Mary, a young woman who is very much confused by the Freudist theory she seems to profess; Reverend Bodiham, waiting for the Apocalypse to come at any moment and very much eager to see it; devilish and lizard-like Mr. Scogan, picturing all kinds of terrifying images of the future society, and a number of not less extravagant personalities. Denis Stone, the protagonist, is the sanest but the most unhappy person among this intellectual freak show. Crome Yellow is not a novel as such, for there is only a vague connection between the situations described, each a separate story in itself. But it is not for the sake of plot it should be read – the text is extremely witty, sometimes ironic and sarcastic, sad and thoughtful, but the wording and imagery makes you want to read it over and over again. Crome Yellow bears many references to the books Huxley wrote afterwards and we can say that his whole creative work comes from it, but leaves it unrivalled.

How Hip Hop Is Affecting The Youth - 1540 Words

Joaquin Hamm-Mclymont Professor Theard AFA 4370 March 24, 2015 How hip hop is affecting the youth When it comes to hip hop music and hip hop culture all together, it can have many influences on people who like the culture of hip hop. His may be from the clothes that are worn and even the lyrics a specific hip hop artist says in his or her music. But one group of people, in my opinion, that hip hop culture influences the most is the youth. Now see the youth are at the age where they look for guidance and wait for someone to tell them how things should go and what things should go. Now when you put hip hop culture together with the seeking guidance of the youth you have positives and negatives. Believe it or not the youth could also be†¦show more content†¦Even though hip hop culture in the 70s was the beginning of the attraction for youth influences I believe the 1980s was the most influential years. In the 1980s hip hop culture was at an all-time high especially attracting the youth, this is the era I will like to call the golden age. T his was the time many positives and negatives about hip hop culture was brought up. Starting with the positives first, hip hop music gave the youth the freedom of speech that was lacking in music at the time. When hip hop music was just coming out America thought that only young black people listen to this type of music, but during the first hip hop tour which featured acts like Run DMC, whoodini, and the fat boys young people that were white, black, and Hispanic sold out these shows which really shocked America. In the VH1 documentary, â€Å"Tanning of America† Jojo Simons of Run DMC said he made music for only young black people and that he was shocked that different ethnic groups came to see him perform. Hip hop also made the youth want to buy different styles of clothing. For example, Run DMC came out with a record called my Adidas to show their love of their favorite sneaker. This made Adidas the number one selling shoe because young kids wanted the shoes the rappers wer e talking about in their music videos. During this time hip hop groups such as the beastie boys, showed that white kids can be a part of hip hop

Comparing the Typical Chinese and American Breakfasts Essay

Breakfast is always considered to be the most important meal of the day. By eating a nutritious breakfast, we can produce enough energy for better academic performance as well as a fresh mind. However, breakfast has huge differences between countries, such as China and America. Chinese breakfast always begins with a cup of warm soybean milk. The soybean milk we have in China is slightly different from the soymilk served here, since the soybean milk is made from the freshly ground soy beans instead of the ready-to-eat soymilk powder. Chinese people believe that having something warm in the morning may keep you healthy for the whole day, so that is why we serve the soybean milk hot. We also have other hot beverages like red bean soup and†¦show more content†¦After the main dish, Chinese breakfast comes to an end basically, but some people still prefer to eat little snacks or desserts. The rice cube pudding and the glutinous taro cake with red beans on top are the most popular choices. However, we seldom have any fruit for breakfast, since it is thought that cold fruit may hurt the stomach early in the morning. American breakfast, in my experience, is served in a more complex way. Starting with a cup of fresh orange juice or milk, the American breakfast is frequently cold, which is supposedly harmful to the stomach. More often, a cup of black coffee is what people need to fresh their mind. The role that fruit plays is really a distinguishing characteristic between two styles of breakfast since there are various kinds of juice and fresh fruit offered in America, while little fruit is available for a Chinese breakfast. The best part of American breakfast is cereals. Cereals are rich in fiber and this kind of diet could be a vital factor to maintaining a healthy weight. Served cold with milk, grains such as corn flakes and cheerios, are combined with sugar, pieces of banana, or raisins. Such a main dish supplies people with a certain amount of calories and fat. 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Multiple Sclerosis And Its Effects On The Central Nervous...

he life of someone living with Multiple Sclerosis is often quite different than normal. It consists of never-ending doctors appointments, not feeling well, difficulty doing everyday tasks, and much more. Multiple Sclerosis is the bee sting that one gets while laying out by the pool, the scrape a child gets on his knee, and the throbbing headache the mother has after a long day at work and the horrible cry of her child. The disease is heavy weighing on ones mind, body, and heart; yet, if one possesses the great strength to push through they will live as much of a normal, happy, and healthy life as possible. So what exactly is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which affects the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, as well as the optic nerves. The simplified meaning of the diseases name is Multiple scar tissues or lesions. A person with multiple sclerosis develops numerous lesions or scars on the brain and spinal cord due to the effects of an overworking immune system. When the immune system overworks, it attacks the â€Å"myelin— the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers — as well as the nerve fibers themselves†(National MS Society). Myelin is essentially the coating that protects your nerves; when trying to understand what myelin is, one can compare the similarities of myelin to the coating that covers electrical wires. After the immune system attacks and damages the myelin,Show MoreRelatedMultiple Sclerosis And The Central Nervous System1605 Words   |  7 Pag esMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative and potentially debilitating disorder that affects the spinal cord and brain, collectively known as the central nervous system. 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Researchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the patient’s own immune system attacks the protein that is found in the myelin sheath and this result in the demyelination of the myelin sheath. So when there is lost of myelin in one’s body, blocking of the action potential

Ethics in Science Free Essays

Should scientist have a common ethics code like the oath of Hippocrates for the doctors, or similar to the oath the lawyers give towards society? In order to answer this question it is necessary to examine the meaning of the words Science and Ethics, first independently and then in the context of society. The first step in this process is to define each word. According to Wikipedia â€Å"†¦science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge humans have gained by such research†[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethics on the other hand â€Å"†¦ is the attempt to arrive at general moral standards that tell us [people] how to judge right from wrong, or good from bad, and how to live moral lives†[2]. The above interpretations are, at first glance, not connected to each other. Science is a process, a system, a way to acquire knowledge about the physical world around us. Science, in its pure form, does not have sides, good or bad, positive or negative. Science, one could propose, is the force of understanding. Ethics on the other hand, is a set of criteria, created by man, to define a guideline to his existence. A guideline between what should and what should not occur. Hence the question must be transformed into â€Å"Should scientists be moral? Do scientists need ethical guidelines, as part of a society, in order to function? † A step further could be â€Å"Under which conditions would a scientific morality be objective? † There have been many proposals for the creation of a universal code of ethics for scientists. Sir Arnold Wolfendale[3] proposed â€Å"I will not, knowingly, carry out research which is to the detriment of humanity. If, in the event, research to which I have contributed is used, in my view, to the detriment of the human race then I shall work actively to combat its development†. In his statement Sir Wolfendale remains moral to his ethics code by proposing to combat any ill applications of his discoveries. But if we put the above statement in the context of war, society could argue that it would not be ethically ill to apply science against an evil enemy for maters of survival[4], thus Sir Wolfendale’s denial would be unethical towards society. Which ethical values are paramount? The individual’s or society’s? In modern days there has been a great deal of ambiguity on a number of scientific fields. The advances of science in genetics and molecular biology have created stress between scientists and society. Cloning is one example. A scientist could argue that by pursuing the creation of a living creature through cloning, a major advancement in our understanding of the mechanics behind living organisms could be gained. On the other hand, a large portion of society is against such attempts, often labelling them immoral and unethical. Again the dilemma, who’s ethics is paramount? The interaction between Ethics and Science can also be examined in another context. In the last years, many scientist have expressed concern about unethical behaviour within the scientific society. Many notable individuals have pointed out that scientists should be more truthful and honest about their findings. That they should be inclined to share their discoveries with the rest of the community, keeping as the paramount goal, the advancement of this community in general. The reasons for these ethical missteps vary. In most cases the denominator of the problem is the commercialisation of science and the financial battles that lurk in the background. A final point of view that should be considered is the human nature. Humans, over the centuries, have always exhibited several qualities that orbit around the concept of self-interest. Although people would spend huge periods of time philosophising in the virtues of morality every day life teaches different lessons. People tend to be self-centred, prideful, self-important and indifferent towards the next person. Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most famous scientists and visionaries of the last three hundred years. Nevertheless, he was notorious for his somewhat eccentric behaviour towards other scientists. A preliminary conclusion would have to address the conditions under which an ethical code should be implemented. Science, in comparison with ethics, is a global concept. The scientific community is in essence a global society. Ethics is not! Ethics depends on the principals and ideas of the society it resides. A vivid example could be derived when one examines the sociological beliefs during the â€Å"upper hide† in South Africa. In that society what was write and what was wrong could be differently defined in comparison with London, England. An ethical scientific code would not similar in both countries. Another point which needs to be taken under consideration would be that the ethical code should be self-aware of the conditions under which it’s being created. An all open scientific society with no boundaries and freedom of exchange of information might be highly noble but would be out of synchronicity with modern reality. This would probably lead to its dismissal. The scientist â€Å"lawgiver† must be aware of what is and what is not plausible. If one would suggest that science should detach itself from the market mechanism due to the negative influence, one would find himself outcast. So what is the perfect recipe? What should be included and what should not? Is an ethics code necessary? If history can teach us something, it is that people throughout the centuries needed guidance in one form or the other. An ethics scientific code is definitely a positive step. But the code has to take into account a’ lot. The core of the code should be science. The code will address the practitioners of science and their actions but should not damage science in the process. Morality is a social issue. Any code is powerless if the society in which it resides does not support and endorse moral values. To summarise an ethics science code is desirable in the context of an active moral society. How to cite Ethics in Science, Essay examples Ethics In Science Free Essays Ethics is the difference between what is morally right and wrong. A scientist has to know the ethical consequences of their work. The scientist Is responsible. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics In Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many consequences Like the harm and amount of risk and benefit in science. There are also ethical procedures Involved In science. These procedures Include promoting alms of research and knowledge. These procedures help ensure accountability. The big difference Is that ethics and laws are not the same. Laws are established rules while ethics is the morals of a culture. Ethics is important because it makes sure that cooperation and joint endeavors run smoothly. One example of ethics in science is stem cell research. Stem Cell Research is when undeveloped cells are molded from adult cells, embryonic cells, and cord cells to finally be created as other cells. Stem Cell research is used as a treatment for such problems as heart disease, diabetes leukemia, and etc. One pro is that adult stem cells are a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues. Researching and using these stem cells may lead to progress and future discoveries in the future. That is the good part, but there are also some cons. These cons mostly got to do with embryonic stem cells. Some stem ells are taken from embryonic stem cells. The problem Is that scientists find extraction more Important than the misery of destroying a human being. Clients such as Dry. Xavier Lopez said â€Å"This Is the future of medicine, and I want to be a part of it. † Now, Stem Cells hold great potential in helping many human diseases and conditions. Stem cells are able to reproduce without causing damage. These are the ethics of stem cell research. Stem Cells overall can both save and destroy people. In the article, â€Å"Scientists Fabricate Rudimentary Human Livers† by Gina Kola speaks about scientists who have created a human liver from stem cells. This is good because it is a monumental achievement in science. This human liver is an example that stem cells can help us live for a long time. This was done by transferring liver buds into mice. Liver buds were put on the brain and the abdomen. The liver buds functioned Like human livers. Dry. Kenneth Caret states that â€Å"They were letting nature do Its thing rather than trying to conceive of what the right signals might be. This Is an ethical example because It shows that there are some major signs that stem cells are evolving. The creation of this liver is able to replenish organs. This is good because it shows that this liver is able to function. Dry. Take mentions that they can try to take it to the clinic and treat it on people whose liver have stopped working. This is a benefit because people will be able to get s ome part of their body back. â€Å"This is a major breakthrough of monumental significance† said Dry. Hilled Tibias. In the article, â€Å"Stem Cell Treatments Overtake Science† by Laura Bell talks about how Stem Cells are taking over the medical and scientific world. Maggie Allies, a victim of emphysema found out that adult stem cells were promoted as a cure for everything. † Doctors at the Regenerative Medicine Institute are hoping to take 130 million stem cells and transfer them to her lungs. These stem cells are helping her because the actual doctors could not. Stem Cells have risen because customers Like Maggie are hoping for a â€Å"personal miracle. † Stem Cells are flourishing In TIJuana. This is a big benefit because are about 20 clinics giving adult stem cell therapy to on it. He follows up with it by saying â€Å"It was eye-opening† and â€Å"This is the future of medicine, and I want to be a part of it. † This is good because Dry. Lopez is being ireful and has good intentions. He follows his ideas up by saying that Mexico lacks the government that the USA has. These clinical trials of stem cells are within the accepted structure of the Tijuana government. This is good the government in Tijuana is watching over these trials. Dry. Lopez finally says that â€Å"I’m very proud of what we are doing. † Japanese researchers have created a human liver from human stem cells. Gina Kola covers this story in her article, â€Å"Scientists Fabricate Rudimentary Human Livers. † To create a human liver from stem cells can always cause pros and cons in the scientific field. The cons for creating this human liver are that it’s more of an early fetal version. This is bad because it cannot develop into a full human liver. Sadly, the liver cells did not take up space in the body. It did not develop any blood supplies or systems. This is bad because it can damage a person’s body. Anyways, other researchers tried recreating this human liver. These other livers would eventually die and would not function. If this liver fails, many things start to happen such as the abdominal area becomes filled with fluid. Eventually, a disease will begin. This is the negative of the human liver cell. This is why it will never be treated on humans. Another bad thing is that this human liver in a three- dimensional structure. Thus, it will never be put into the human body. The article also mentions that Dry. Caret has said, â€Å"We don’t know if the cells will grow out of control or will poop out. † These researchers such as Dry. Tibias hopes they soon succeed. â€Å"It really has the potential to undermine the legitimacy of the whole world†, says Dry. Hashes Eased of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Dry. Eased is right because there a lot of controversial ideas surrounding the SE of stem cells. One problem at the Regenerative Medicine Institute is that stem cells cannot regenerate no matter where they are placed. These safety precautions still remain unanswered. This is seriously bad because the patient would not be able to get that kind of service again for too much money. This is also an economical problem because it costs a lot of money to work on these patients. Scientists now fear the consequences of their work because of the growing number of clinics. This brings up the idea that there is responsibility, risk, and benefit involved in having ethics in science. In the article, a pathologist is mentioned to had illegally processed and shipped stem cells without permission from the F. D. A. This is a major problem because without these cells being checked these lives are in danger. Dry. Sedan follows his idea up by saying that patients don’t know the difference between science and conning. This is bad because people can be cheated by researchers and they will be affected. Dry. Lopez, the founder of the institute says that he works with the Mexican authorities to follow the uniform standards. In the end, Stem Cells can find a way to destroy us. There are many consequences like the harm and amount of risk and benefit in science. This is shown in both articles. These stories show that scientists are trying to help the world, but not intentionally destroying it. Stem Cells hold great potential in saving human lives. This is the ethics of stem cell research. The human liver is a great achievement in the field of science, but it cannot function. People can recreate these discoveries. Stem Cells are helping people unlike the they are changing the world. Stem Cells might not be fix some things, but soon it will and will be amazing. This is the good and bad of ethics in stem cells. How to cite Ethics In Science, Papers

Aestheticism and Morality in Oscar Wilde free essay sample

The Conflict Between Aestheticism and Morality in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde prefaces his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, with a reflection on art, the artist, and the utility of both. After careful scrutiny, he concludes: â€Å"All art is quite useless† (Wilde 4). In this one sentence, Wilde encapsulates the complete principles of the Aesthetic Movement popular in Victorian England. That is to say, real art takes no part in molding the social or moral identities of society, nor should it. Art should be beautiful and pleasure its observer, but to imply further-reaching influence would be a mistake. The explosion of aesthetic philosophy in fin-de-siecle English society, as exemplified by Oscar Wilde, was not confined to merely art, however. Rather, the proponents of this philosophy extended it to life itself. Here, aestheticism advocated whatever behavior was likely to maximize the beauty and happiness in one’s life, in the tradition of hedonism. To the aesthete, the ideal life mimics art; it is beautiful, but quite useless beyond its beauty, concerned only with the individual living it. Influences on others, if existent, are trivial at best. Many have read The Picture of Dorian Gray as a novelized sponsor for just this sort of aesthetic lifestyle. However, this story of the rise and fall of Dorian Gray might instead represent an allegory about morality meant to critique, rather than endorse, the obeying of one’s impulses as thoughtlessly and dutifully as aestheticism dictates. In the novel, Lord Henry Wotton trumpets the aesthetic philosophy with an elegance and bravado that persuade Dorian to trust in the principles he espouses; the reader is often similarly captivated. It would be a mistake, however, to interpret the novel as a patent recommendation of aestheticism. To the aesthete, there is no distinction between moral and immoral acts, only between those that increase or decrease one’s happiness; yet, Dorian Gray refutes this idea, presenting a strong case for the inherent immorality of purely aesthetic lives. Dorian Gray personifies the aesthetic lifestyle in action, pursuing personal gratification with abandon. Yet, while he enjoys these indulgences, his behavior ultimately kills him and others, and he dies unhappier than ever. Rather than an advocate for ure aestheticism, then, Dorian Gray is a cautionary tale in which Wilde illustrates the dangers of the aesthetic philosophy when not practiced with prudence. Aestheticism, argues Wilde, too often aligns itself with immorality, resulting in a precarious philosophy that must be practiced deliberately. Dorian Gray is often read as an explicit proclamation of the worthiness of living life i n accordance with aesthetic values. This is due in part to the flourishing Aesthetic Movement of Victorian England at the time of the novel’s publication, as well as Oscar Wilde’s association with the movement itself (Becker 660). The Aesthetic Movement, which coincided with the Industrial Revolution at the end of the nineteenth century, emphasized the artistic aspect of a man’s work in producing a variety of goods, from furniture to machines to literature (Becker 660). Oscar Wilde, however, proposed that the principles of the Aesthetic Movement extend beyond the production of mere commodities. In Joseph Pearce’s biography, The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde, Pearce recalls Wilde’s own perspective on the popular movement. Speaking of aestheticism, Wilde is quoted: It is indeed to become a part of the people’s life . . . I mean a man who works with his hands; and not with his hands merely, but with his head and his heart. The evil that machinery is doing is not merely in the consequence of its work but in the fact that it makes men themselves machines also. Whereas, we wish them to be artists, that is to say men†. (qtd. in Pearce 144) In his exposition of aestheticism, Wilde applies the philosophy in a more universal sense, stressing the positive influences of aestheticism in one’s life beyond mere craftsmanship. Just as the machines that mass-produce materials with the intervention of human thought are labeled â€Å"evil,† Wilde similarly condemns men who act as metaphorical machines, programmed to behave in accordance with society’s ideas of propriety rather than allowing themselves to act freely and achieve the greatest amount of happiness. Wilde’s eloquent advocacy of an aesthetic lifestyle is paralleled in his depiction of Lord Henry in Dorian Gray. Lord Henry lectured to the impressionable Dorian, â€Å"We are punished for our refusals. Every impulse that we strive to strangle broods in the mind, and poisons us. . . . Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden itself† (Wilde 9). Wilde, through Lord Henry, laments the stifling nature of his contemporary Victorian society and how the supposed morality it boasts necessitates self-denial and rejection of life’s most beautiful aspects. Lord Henry warns that without an enthusiastic embrace of aestheticism, one will perpetually anguish with the desire of precisely what he must deny himself, all for the sake of propriety. This philosophy espoused by Wilde and Lord Henry often leads, not surprisingly, to the conclusion that Dorian Gray is a declaration of Wilde’s, promoting the adoption of purely aesthetic lives without qualification. This, however, is too shallow of an interpretation. Opponents of a purely aesthetic lifestyle will certainly cite what they consider an inevitability: one’s desires and impulses, though when acted upon result in a more pleasurable life, will at times be undeniably immoral. It is at these times that the virtues of the wholly aesthetic life become questionable. The ruination of Dorian Gray, the embodiment of unbridled aestheticism, illustrates the immorality of such a lifestyle and gravely demonstrates its consequences. Wilde uses Dorian Gray not as an advertisement for aestheticism, but rather, he uses Dorian’s life to warn against aestheticism’s hostility toward morality when uncontrolled. Wilde himself admits, in a letter to the St. James’s Gazette, that Dorian Gray â€Å"is a story with a moral. And the moral is this: All excess, as well as all renunciation, brings its own punishment† (Wilde 248). Aestheticism does well to condemn the renunciation of desires, but it is an excessive obedience to these desires that is subversively dangerous. Therefore, in the practice of Wilde’s aestheticism, forethought and constraint are necessities, yet too often lacking, and without them, one is doomed to suffer the same fate as Dorian Gray. The character of Dorian Gray and the story of his profound degeneration provide a case study examining the viability of purely aesthetic lives. Dorian lives according to what Lord Henry professes without hesitation, and what Lord Henry inspires Dorian, through persuasive rhetoric, is an attitude indifferent to consequence and altogether amoral. As Wilde writes, Dorian’s newfound position is â€Å"never to accept any theory or system that would involve the sacrifice of any mode of passionate experience. Its aim, indeed was to be experience itself, and not the fruits of experience, sweet or bitter as they may be† (Wilde 125). Under Lord Henry’s mentorship, Dorian, once the epitome of wide-eyed youth, behaves with no regard for the ramifications of his actions, diligently pursuing instant gratification without thought of its implications, whether they be â€Å"sweet or bitter. † Dorian’s relationship with the actress Sibyl Vane plainly illustrates this marked change in personality. Dorian pursues Sibyl from first sights, intent on acquiring her before he ever attempts to truly know her. Indeed, Dorian’s love for Sibyl is overtly superficial, as evidenced by Dorian’s own description of his infatuation with Sibyl: â€Å"I loved you because you were marvelous, because you had genius and intellect, because you realized the dreams of great poets and gave shape and substance to the shadows of art† (Wilde 101). Dorian is not attracted to Sibyl’s character of personality, but rather her acting talent and enthralling performances; this is what enchants the aesthetically inclined Dorian. When Sibyl leaves the stage, then, she no longer serves a purpose in Dorian’s aesthetic life, and thus, Dorian abandons her unceremoniously. Dorian does not regret informing Sybil that, â€Å"Without your art, you are nothing† (Wilde 101). The tragedy of Sybil’s later suicide, brought about by utter despair at her desertion, is lost on Dorian, who instead enjoys the dramatic intrigue of the occasion. For Dorian, whose uncontrolled aestheticism rejects the concept of morality, the immorality of his actions goes unrecognized. In fact, Dorian declares excitedly, â€Å"It seems to me to be simply like a wonderful ending to a wonderful play. It has all the terrible beauty of a Greek tragedy, a tragedy in which I took a great part, but by which I have not been wounded† (Wilde 114). Here, the adverse consequences of aestheticism surface in Dorian’s life. In his pursuit of his own pleasures, a distinctly narcissistic attitude emerges, and the incompatibility of morality and unconditional aestheticism becomes all the more apparent. The emergence of narcissism in Dorian and its correlation with his newly adopted aesthetic philosophy is integral to Wilde’s novel as it emphasizes the frequent hostility between aestheticism and morality that Wilde cautions against. Dorian Gray exposes the immorality of self-absorption, as Dorian’s portrait becomes more disfigured with each one of Dorian’s selfish acts. This self-absorption, then, appears to be an inevitable consequence of aestheticism. Only a more deliberate practice of aestheticism may harness this egotism and avoid the immorality Dorian embodies. Interestingly, in his essay â€Å"Come See About Me: Enchantment of the Double in The Picture of Dorian Gray,† Christopher Craft recognizes a mirroring of the Greek myth of Narcissus in the life of Dorian Gray. According to mythology, Narcissus, upon catching a glimpse of his reflection in a pool, becomes so enraptured by it that he stood and admired it endlessly, unmoving for the rest of his life. As Craft notes, this self-absorption â€Å"is a commitment that, like Dorian’s, graduates fully until death† (Craft 113). Narcissus becomes so infatuated with himself that the rest of world effectively ceases to exist or affect him and, as Craft argues, â€Å"it is into precisely this silent delirium that Dorian unwittingly steps† when he allows Lord Henry’s aesthetic philosophy to so dominate him (Craft 113). Dorian enjoys a life of eternal youth, with only his portrait aging in parallel with Dorian’s immorality; so, as Dorian sinks into the depths of narcissism, he maintains his external beauty, and his portrait degenerates instead. Eventually, as in the myth of Narcissus, such egotism has its consequences. When Dorian, disgusted with the decrepit picture of the supposedly â€Å"real† him, destroys it in a fit of anger, Dorian too is destroyed. Wilde writes that after Dorian’s death, â€Å"it was not till they had examined the rings that they recognized who it was† (Wilde 220). In the end, as a testament to the purely aesthetic life, the only legacy Dorian leaves behind—everything that identifies him as who he was—is his superficial jewelry. There is an argument, then, made by Wilde for a new aestheticism, approached with more constraint than Dorian employs. This argument is based not only in the moral obligation of the individual, but with the betterment of all of society in mind. Matthew Arnold, in his essay â€Å"Culture and Anarchy,† provides reasoning against the ethos of Lord Henry’s aestheticism and an unconditional application of it. Arnold focuses on its detrimental effects on society and the possibility for societal improvement when aesthetic tendencies are properly controlled. There appears to be agreement, then, between Wilde and Arnold; Wilde’ novel provides a failed example of the purely aesthetic life, and when scaled to a larger society, a similar result is understandably expected. As Arnold views his contemporary society, it is arranged hierarchically, dividing the aristocrats, the middle-class, and the working-class, all of which, Arnold laments, are inclined to live hedonistically, pursuing pleasure and only what is comfortable and easy. Dorian Gray embodies just his defect in Arnold’s society. Arnold argues, however, that â€Å"there are born a certain number of natures with a curiosity about their best self with a bend for seeing things as they are . . . for simply concerning themselves with reason and the will of God, and doing their best to make these prevail;—for the pursuit, in a word, of perfection† (Arnold 277). Arnold is optimistic that some may pursue beyond the immediately pleasurable and act to perfect themselves both morally and intellectually. This pursuit of perfection, however, is likely an arduous and uncomfortable task, and is therefore incompatible with pure aestheticism. Some concessions must be made for the absolute aesthete, then, for such transcendence occur. Dorian Gray, for much of Wilde’s novel, fails to embody Arnold’s ideal, as in his hedonistic life he is seen â€Å"creeping at dawn out of dreadful houses and slinking in disguise in the foulest dens in London,† despite being once too honorable for such debauchery (Wilde 118). Dorian exemplifies a regression in social intellect from his beginnings rather than the kind of transcendence hoped for by Arnold. Dorian displays no such pursuit of intellectual perfection as he is slowly corrupted and in turn corrupts others, luring them with him into the slums and opium dens of London. Arnold refers to those able to transcend social classes in society as â€Å"aliens,† hinting at their rarity to the point of foreignness and to their almost mythical quality (277). The mere existence of these aliens, however, provides hope that the utter hedonists of society may learn to harness their damaging tendencies, and in doing so, better the intellectual and moral state of humankind. Wilde, too, recognizes this ability to control the hedonistic temptations associated with aestheticism, as demonstrated by the last stages of Dorian’s life. Mitsuharu Matsuoka, in his essay â€Å"Aestheticism and Social Anxiety in The Picture of Dorian Gray,† notes that, as Dorian’s death approaches, â€Å"Dorian ultimately reacts against his lifestyle, choking on his New Hedonism,† at which point â€Å"a great sense of doom hangs over Dorian† (Matsuoka 78). Indeed, Dorian appears to realize the consequences of his unbridled aestheticism; however, he is much too far gone to salvage. Dorian reveals his epiphany to Lord Henry: â€Å"The soul is a terrible reality. It can be bought, and sold, and bartered away. It can be poisoned or made perfect. There is a soul in each one of us. I know it† (Wilde 211). Unfortunately for Dorian, this realization comes too late to save his soul from its degradation, long-nurtured by a purely aesthetic life, and he is destroyed. The realization itself, however, is indicative of Wilde’s argument woven throughout Dorian Gray. Despite Wilde’s publicly advocating the principles of aestheticism, Dorian’s demise illustrates Wilde’s recognition that aestheticism needs to be properly controlled. While the pursuit of beauty and happiness in life is always Wilde’s ideal, he also implies that the consequences of one’s actions must be thought out and the impact of one’s decisions, beyond oneself, must also be carefully considered before acting on any impulse. The Aesthetic Movement in fin-de-siecle England, as interpreted by Oscar Wilde, revolved around the ideal that the utility of one’s actions should be to create the maximal amount of beauty and pleasure in one’s life, and nothing more. Wilde’s Dorian Gray appears, at first glance, to promote this philosophy unequivocally. Indeed, a lifestyle based on this aestheticism is espoused in Wilde’s opening preface as well as throughout Lord Henry’s professorial lectures. Upon closer inspection, however, Wilde’s novel is not as wholly embracing of aestheticism as this implies. Wilde realized and depicted in the life of Dorian Gray, a need for a more controlled and deliberate approach to aestheticism, without which morality will inevitably be elusive. The adoption of unrestrained aestheticism, as exhibited by Dorian, results in a lack of remorse, self-absorption, and intellectual regression.

Arbitration Dispute Settlement Procedure †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Arbitration Dispute Settlement Procedure? Answer: Introducation Arbitration is the dispute settlement procedure where the impartial party (Arbitrator) is selected to study a case as well as hear both sides of the party so as to arrive at agreement; some of its features include law; The Arbitrator controls the outcome; he has the power to decide. Extensive discovery is usually required Arbitrator listens to the party facts as well as the evidence and gives the award The parties involved present the case and then testifies under the oath Arbitration process is formal; there is no private communication involved between the party and the arbitrator The decision are based on evidence, facts as well as the law The result is either lose or win the award hence relations are lost It is a bit expensive compared to meditation but less costly compared to litigation It is private, but the decisions are publicly available Mediation Mediation is the process where a mediator facilitates dialogue in a multi-stage manner to help both parties reach a conclusion plus satisfactory agreement. Its features include; The parties involved in the dispute control the outcome The mediator does not have the power to make decisions. A decision is made only with the party consent as well as approval There is a voluntary exchange of information, but it is limited. Here the parties involved share information that can be used as an assist in reaching a decision The mediator assists the parties in defining plus understanding the problems in every sides interests Individuals do not testify under the oath, they vent feelings, share stories as well as take part in creative problem solving Mediation is informal. There are no attorneys. The parties involved are just active participants Joint plus private meetings and discussions between the counsel and their parties is allowed The outcome is not based on managememt or evidence but the needs of the parties involved The results is mutually satisfactory; this means that a relationship can either be created or maintained The process is less costly compared to arbitration It is private and confidential Conciliation Conciliation is the process of resolving disputes where an independent candidate (conciliator) helps the parties to reach an agreement The conciliator cannot enforce his decisions since he does not have the power No prior agreement is required The process is available for existing disputes There no legal proceedings compared to arbitration Similarities In the three processes (mediation, arbitration, and conciliation), the parties involved in the dispute have control over the format of the proceedings. Selection of unbiased, ground rules, timing as well as the ability to adjourn the procedure at any moment is under the parties mandate. This enables them to establish a comfortable setting plus a conducive environment for settling the dispute They allow direct involvement of the concerned parties contrary to litigation which is open only for the attorneys They foster a mutual approach to disputes in a legal way. The parties merely bear grudges against each other or dissatisfaction from the result of the trial These methods of dispute resolving are fast, private and less expensive compared to trial References Blain, N., Goodman, J., Loewenberg, J. (1987). Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration-An International Comparison of Australia, Great Britain and the United States. Int'l Lab. Rev., 126, 179. Cooley, J. W. (1985). Arbitration vs. mediation-explaining the differences. Judicature, 69, 263. Fisher, R. J., Keashly, L. (1991). The potential complementarity of mediation and consultation within a contingency model of third party intervention. Journal of Peace finanacial Research, 28(1), 29-42. Sgubini, A., Prieditis, M., Marighetto, A. (2004). Arbitration, Mediation and Conciliation: differences and similarities from an International and Italian business perspective.