An Analysis of Our Town Essay

Needless to say, Our Town is one of the most popular plays by Thornton Wilder and not for nothing has it won the Pulitzer Prize in 1938. The most significant aspect in Our Town is the representation of the everyday life. Not only does the play explores American values of religion or family, it also addresses themes like mortality or as mentioned before, the value of the everyday life. â€Å"Our Town is not offered as a picture of life in a New Hampshire village; or as a speculation about the conditions of life after death. It is an attempt to find a value above all price for the smallest events in our daily life. [Online 1] Life is often taken for granted although we are aware of the fact that life is short and that it can end at any time. Many people do not take heed of their life and they do not pay attention to all those little things which make life important. â€Å"That’s all human beings are! Just blind people. † (Wilder 1984: 93). Like Emily, a character of Our Town, mentioned, people are not aware of how precious life is. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to give an analysis of how Thornton Wilder tries to teach the audience through several messages implied in Our Town. At first, the term paper will tell about Thornton Wilder’s life, because it is important to know about his personal life when taking his works into consideration. Wilder never stopped writing, even when he worked as a professor. Here we can clearly see a connection to his works, because especially in Our Town, as mentioned before, he tries to teach the reader or audience by pointing out how precious all the small things in life are and that the people should become aware of all those things. That means that he is not only teaching students on the university, but also the audience through his works. Secondly, this term paper will give some important facts about Our Town, which are necessary to understand the background and Wilders implied messages. Then there will be an analysis on each act of the play based on the main theme, namely that it’s the little things in life that count. These analysis will mainly concentrate on the most significant aspects and parts of the play that carry Wilders implied lessons and messages. At the end of the term paper there will be a short conclusion including an own interpretation and opinion of Our Town. Biographical Background Thornton Niven Wilder was born on April 17 in 1897 in Madison, Wisconsin. He was an American novelist and playwright. He wrote several stories, for example, he was asked to write the screenplay for the film â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt† by Alfred Hitchcock. [see Online 2] This was a major honour for Thornton Wilder, because during his lifetime, he was fascinated by Alfred Hitchcock. Thornton Wilder, amongst other things, also wrote the book â€Å"The Bridge of San Luis Rey† in 1927, one of his famous books, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928. [see Online 3] Literature played an important role in Thornton Wilders multi-talented family. Although his father, Amos Parker Wilder, an US diplomat and his mother, Isabella Niven, were not that much into literature, some of Wilders siblings were famous poets or writers. You might say that Thornton Wilder were born with his literary talent. He early discovered his fascination for literature and therefore he began writing plays during his education at the Thacher School in California. His family moved to China in 1910, where his father had to work, and therefore Thornton Wilder had to attend the China Inland Mission Chefoo School at Yantai. He returned with his mother and his siblings in 1912 and graduated from Berkeley High School in 1915. He began to study law, but he abandoned his studies only two years later. â€Å"After serving in the United States Coast Guard during World War I, he attended Oberlin College before earning his B. A. at Yale University in 1920, where he refined his writing skills as a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity, a literary society. He earned his M. A. in French from Princeton University in 1926. [Online 4] After his studies, he began teaching at the University of Chicago, but he never stopped writing. During this time his first novels and plays were published, for example, â€Å"Our Town†. This play is considered to be one of this most famous plays, and it also won the Pulitzer Prize in 1938, the year when the play was published. Thornton Wilder died on December 7, in 1975 in Hamden, Connecticut. He was an â€Å"American icon, and an internationally famous playwright and novelist. To this day, his works are read, performed and appreciated by audiences worldwide. [Online 5] Our Town General Our Town is a so-called â€Å"slice-of-life† story, which means that the reader is able to relate to the story. He feels like he is involved in the play, because of its representation of the daily life and all those little things in life which makes it interesting. Theme Our town has a carpe diem theme. Translated it means seize the day, people should concentrate themselves on the little things in life which are often unappreciated. In some way, the play wants to teach the audience to bestow consideration upon the little things in life. Publication Thornton Wilders idea was to tell the reader to appreciate every moment of every day, not least because life is fleeting. The play was first shown in 1938, in the big immigration year, when Europeans came to the US because of the second world war. At this time, the people were confronted with all those negative aspects of life and in some way we can assume that the play Our Town was shown at a perfect time: a time, when everyone wanted to escape reality to see something totally different. Or better said, to see how life can be and that’s the little things in life that counts. For Wilder it was important to teach the audience to enjoy every small thing in life and not to take life for granted. It was the time of the American Renaissance and the notion of experimenting with the audience was getting more and more important. This time was characterised by extensive experimentation and originality. We can assume that the aspect of experimenting in Our Town is shown through the stage manager. Usually a narrator takes place in short stories and novels, but not in plays, but this is the case in Our Town.

Vision and Goals as a leader

The difference between a vision and a goal, one is abstract and one is concrete. Visions are essentially abstract, while setting a goal is more tangible. For an example of a vision, one would say they would like to plant a large garden that will produce a vast harvest In the spring; It will contain green beans, tomatoes and corn. This expresses an abstract desire for an outcome.Alternatively, a goal would sound like this, this springtime a large garden will be planted and time will be set aside to spend 5 hours a week hoeing the garden so the weeds will not interrupt the growth f the vegetables. This Is a substantial goal, meaning It Is a tangible and reachable, something you physically work towards. The subject of motivation can vary. In reality you will need to set the tone for the audience, in other words, different people will perceive different issues, and will be motivated by different things.Make sure you talk with your people regularly on a one-to-one basis to find out what m atters to them. Herbage's theory Is largely responsible for the practice of allowing people greater responsibility for planning and controlling their work. As a means of increasing motivation and satisfaction. The importance of visions is beyond dreams, It Is a statement of what or how you like things to be. Visions have a larger purpose and they share the core values that we hold at the center of our character. These core values are expressed to pave the road in the direction you want to see transpire.If a vision has been effectively communicated with precise and detailed direction and reason, others can see your mental picture to help you attain it and gain their commitment to it. ‘The only way to lead people Into the future is to connect with them deeply in the present. The only visions that take hold are shared visions-and you will create them only when you listen very, very closely to others, appreciate their hopes, and attend to their needs. † Souses, J. M. And Pos ter, 8. Z. To lead, create a shared vision. Harvard Business Publishing January 2009.This Is another important aspect of people seeing your vision is gaining their trust first. The significance of your vision and the excitement you display will help your team know where they are headed. This leads them see and become enthusiastic about the large depiction of your Image and gives them drive for a positive outcome. Nothing was ever created without vision. The importance of goals gives something to work towards to measure both personal and professional success.Without goals it is hard to believe in ourselves. Goals drive you forward, tells you what you truly want. Helps you achieve your desires by putting a large destination In smaller stepping stones to make it wealth a graspable reach. â€Å"Our goals can only be reached through a vehicle of a plan, in which we must fervently believe, and upon which we must vigorously act. There is no other route to success. â€Å"- Pablo Picasso. Obtaining goals within a group who trust their leadership, are far more willing to share in and work towards reaching goals.Contribute all energies in same direction with the same outcome to have substantial results. When goals are agreed upon within a group the success will be immeasurable. The article setting. The first step talks about developing a vision. It is important to know where you are going as an organization. A leader must develop a vision with a positive attitude and be ready to present it with energy. They must also be effective in communicating that vision to their employees, who in turn will work together to achieve that vision. The second step talks about the importance of goal setting.

The Theory Of The Attachment Theory - 1362 Words

Humans are social beings by nature; from the day one is born, an immense amount of time must be dedicated to the individual in order for them to develop properly and to their maximum potential. Without this interaction with others, the child will become stagnant in their progress and fail to grow both mentally and physically. Because of its importance, infants and children have been hardwired to attach to their mothers and/or caregivers in order to fulfill this basic need. This instinctual need for attention and security was originally studied by John Bowlby in his creation of the â€Å"Attachment Theory†. Expanding from infancy to the entirety of a human life, one may see the Attachment Theory and importance of interaction in early†¦show more content†¦From these measurements, Schaffer and Emerson were able to develop the Stages of Attachment. Throughout their developing stages, infants were expected to experience each of these phases: 1. Asocial (0-6 weeks) – The infant will form attachments with nearly any human or human figure without any real bias. 2. Indiscriminate Attachment (6 weeks-7 mo.) – The infant enjoys human interaction and attention from a caregiver and get upset when not payed attention to. Can tell people apart but no bias. 3. Specific Attachment (7 mo.-9 mo.) – The infant looks to a particular person(s) to care for them, experiences separation anxiety and stranger fear much more intensely than before. 4. Multiple Attachment (10 mo. +) – The infant is able to form more attachments as it becomes more independent. Attachments may be with family members, caregivers, or anyone else who responds well to them. (SOURCE) With these stages constructed and the structure of attachment theory in place, psychologist Mary Ainsworth delved further into this theory and began her study titled â€Å"The Strange Situation†. In this study, Ainsworth’s aim was to measure the quality of attachments in one to two year olds with their parent or caregiver (SOURCE).Show MoreRelatedAttachment Theory And Attachment Theories1053 Words   |  5 Pages To begin with attachment theory, first everyone should understand what the attachment is. According to attachment means bonding between a child and caregiver or vice versa. The attachment theory is the theory that describes the long term interpersonal relationship between the humans. Also, it can be defined as the strong bond between parent and child, and later in peer and romantic relationship (Metzger, Erdman, Ng 85). It generates a specific fact that how the humans react in relationshipsRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory795 Words   |   4 Pages The theory from chapter 1 that I chose was attachment theory. Attachment theory, coined by John Bowlby, is a concept in developmental psychology that concerns the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. It states that the ability for an individual to form an emotional and physical attachment to another person gives a sense of stability and the means necessary to take risks, branch out, and grow and develop as a personality. One of Bowlby’s main points in attachment theoryRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1426 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby’s Attachment theory is relevant to serial murderers since it looks at the child’s early life experiences, focusing on the bond between the mother and child (Bretherton, 1992). It argues that a break in the bond will lead the child to a life of crime and delinquency. In this paper we will discuss two points. The first point is discussing Aileen’s Wuornos life from childhood to adulthood and t he second point is explaining how her life is relevant to Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. We will finallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1607 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory is accepted by most psychologists and psychiatrists as the best explanation for how we develop the capacity to form relationships with others and relate to our environment. It asserts that the methods we use to relate to others, manage our needs, express our demands, and shape our expectations for the world are rooted in our relationships with our early caregivers. Through these interactions we learn to balance our feelings and need states with others and to establish our varyingRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesThe concept of attachment was first introduced by John Bowlby (1969), who emphasizes the importance of mother-child relationship when he was studying children who had been separated from their mothers. Attachment is the close, enduring emotional b ond to parents or other caregivers, and it is necessary for normal social and emotional development. Mary Ainsworth expanded Bowlby’s attachment theory by devising the â€Å"Strange Situation† method to observe children’ behavior during episodes of repeated separationRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Attachment theory centers around relationships and bonds formed between people. It generally focuses on long term relationships such as parents or caregivers and children. The theme of the theory is that if the primary caregiver is responsive to a child’s needs, then he or she will develop a sense of security. If a parent or caregiver does not provide this, a child will have trouble attaching and forming relationships in the future. There are theorists who have explored and researchedRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesB1/A2/A*1-John Bowlby’s attachment theory is a positive aspect to this transition as the child are likely to gain secure attachments with their key worker which enables them to work closely with each other, this then allows the child to be more comfortable with any support they receive throughout the process, however the child may become too attached to their key worker and may face issues later when the times comes f or them to separate therefore it is important for children to spend time with otherRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1510 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory was advanced in 1951 by British psychoanalyst and psychiatrist John Bowlby. According to this theory infants have an inborn need to be close to their main caretaker. If the attachment is deprived from an infant Bowlby argued that the infant could suffer from negative impacts on their development. This could possibly imply that children places in early daycare will later in life suffer consequences for this. The basis of attachment theory can be linked to Sigmung Freud s (1926)Read MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1421 Words   |  6 Pages There are a lot of close relationship theory that are studied in social psychology but one of the main theory is attachment theory. This theory not only provides a framework for understanding emotional reactions in infants but also in love, loneliness, and grief in adults. In adults there are attachment styles that are a type of working model that explains certain behaviors that are developed at infancy and childhood. An infant requires two basic attitudes during their earliest interactionsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Attachment Theory1742 Words   |  7 Pageswith their caregiver. From determining a child s early attachment patterns, it can help further the child s behavior in later development, and the way the child will relate to others in her years to come. The acknowledgment of this simple fact has led many psychologists to create theories and findings to support this idea. Bowlby’s creation of the Attachment Theory sparked many famous psychologists to come up with ways to support his theory. Mary Ainsworth is known to be most famous for her â€Å"Strange

Preliminary Business Plan Essay - 1394 Words

Preliminary Business Plan Company Description Background: The Idea came from Taylor Crank, on the basis that what parent wants to wonder on a daily basis whether their kid is going to make it home walking or riding the bus? This is where a tracking device would come in handy. A device that would attach to your child (i.e. watch, necklace, headband, etc.) and track them if by some chance they didn’t make it home – or – if they were simply out of sight. By the click of a button, with this device attached to their home phone, would connect with the police. Legal Structure: We would form our business as a LLC, because of the many advantages it would have for our company. The First being personal liability protection for its owners, making†¦show more content†¦Innovation would be another competitive risk if a competitor where to innovate on our idea to make it better this would cause a big problem to our company. To counter this we would have to have feedback from our customers and do some market research to stay ahead of the curve. To offer the best product available for a reasonable price we would need to constantly brainstorm and find new way to make our product better. †¢ Execution risk: Because our team has not launched a business before we may overlook some crucial details that could result in major problems. As a company we could be so focused on getting our company up and running that we completely lose sight of the company’s strategy and trajectory. To overcome this risk we need to seek out counsel on how to lessen our risk, and to not have one person not have all the influence in the decision making process. †¢ Customer demand risk: It is possible that our forecast for our child tracker might not meet the actual consumer demand, which can lead to unnecessary costs for the company. We also may forecast lower demand and the customer demand being to high would result in lost sales. To overcome this risk, weShow MoreRelatedComputer Project Management942 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Plan CMT3342 January - June 2012 Teaching Week No. | Lecture Topic | Seminar Topic | Group Project | Essay | 1 | Introduction to Project Management | Introduction to the module and its assessment structure + introduction to the essay topic and how to write essays that get good grades (slides) | | Start individual essay, analyse essay question | 2 | Advanced information seeking and information literacy for project purposes | Exercise in the library or any room with sufficient numberRead MoreSoftware Project Management Quiz Questions1182 Words   |  5 PagesConsulting’s core business goal is first presented in the ____ section of the business case. |a. |Critical Assumption and Constraints | |b. |Current Situation and Problem/Opportunity Statement | |c. |Introduction/Background | |d. |Business Objective Read MoreProject Scope Of Project Management945 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessfully using this technique to provide an overall picture of the project. 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The Dirty Truth on Essay Writing Topics on Corruption

The Dirty Truth on Essay Writing Topics on Corruption Essay Writing Topics on Corruption Secrets That No One Else Knows About So, the government plays a huge part within it. A divided society could be harmful to the stability of the nation. Among other things, corruption impacts the increase and evolution of the nation negatively. Undoubtedly corruption is among the biggest obstacles in the development of our nation. The most important aim was to boost access to technology to the people of the nation. Within 30 days, you'll have implemented a strong advertising and marketing strategy. Hence accelerating the government procedure will help to lessen the corruption in India. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Essay Writing Topics on Corruption So although you may think about writing a lengthy essay as a torturous assignment, it's actually an extraordinary chance to practice an extremely specific skill that will certainly be convenient in different areas of your life. Bear in mind, if you place as much effort into writing a really great essay on corruption, it's certainly going to get the maximum grade and the very best feedback possible. Moreover, make certain your story shows you acting in a positive way, particularly if your essay a part of a university application. In any event, hearing your teacher say that you need to write a very long essay for your next assignment can surely caus e lots of stress. In the majority of cases there just wasn't enough money to cover the services people needed, so corruption developed as a way of raising revenue, even though it has at all times been over a method of financing government operations. It isn't always vital to offer something like money or money's worth. It isn't always compulsory to provide something like money or money's worth. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. For instance, you can explain how a normal user can save yourself computer data from corruption. You should choose a topic that may be achieved within a two-year time period framework. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. Even if people become caught, they're not punished severely for it. For example, if you're expected to write 3,000 words for your long essay, you might feel better writing just 500 words each day over a few days rather than attempting to bang it all out simultaneously. It's simple to miss something important and earn a mess of your topic. Consider an instance of how you can better your speaking via an illustration of a single change in how you believe. Simply take a peek at your breathing whenever you are speaking to a group of individuals. To be great at public speaking, you need to have the ability to wow your audience from the beginning. Writing about people from their family is something they will do with lots of enthusiasm. Persons of strong character ought to be employed. Corruption comes in the shape of bribery in their opinion. It has become a part of life. It is sometimes referred to as a vicious circle. It is a phenomenon which can occur in any country in the world. Needless to say, the definition of a very long essay will differ from 1 classroom to another, based on the age and degree of the students. As stated above, the very best approach to have a child involved with writing, is to make whatever he or she's writing, about them. You may surely start your practice for the exact same! People indulging in any type of corrupt practices have to be punished severely. If you find that you cannot compose an essa y irrespective of its topic, do not become upset and purchase any bit of writing from our brilliant writers at a low-cost price. Write an essay meaning download custom essay writing service would you like to purchase custom essay online because you're feeling you're stuck on the practice of. As easy as your topic might be, the practice of writing a research paper, generally, can be long and extensive. It's quite easy discover a great deal of simple research topics online or inside a book at the library. Following are various sorts of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic according to your need and requirement. The Study Problem must meet up with the deadline selecting a topic that's compelling enough to sustain more study is crucial. Make certain that you write atleast one essay or one letter daily to boost your speed. Otherwise, your portfolio essay might be a bit unorganized. Essay writing is not ever an easy job. Writing a lengthy essay of 3,000 words can be achieved in a day if you merely set your mind to it. Freestyle writing gives you the ability to experience success in writing. To begin with, writing a lengthy essay is a chance for a student to truly put their writing skills to the test. Essay Writing Topics on Corruption - Overview New and effective steps ought to be established so as to resolve the matter. Accordingly, to be able to be certain you're choosing from the easiest topics for research papers, pick a few ideas and carry every one of them through a set of checks to see which is the very best choice for you. Every one of the problems resulting in corruption must be eliminated from its roots. Government system should be up to date and rectified so that it is going to stop corrupt to discover loopholes in the computer system.

Analysis of vision and mission statement free essay sample

A Mission Statement defines the companys business, its objectives and its approach to reach those objectives. A Vision Statement describes the desired future position of the company. Elements of Mission and Vision Statements are often combined to provide a statement of the companys purposes, goals and values. Typically, senior managers will write the companys overall Mission and Vision Statements. Other managers at different levels may write statements for their particular divisions or business units. The development process requires managers to: Clearly identify the corporate culture, values, strategy and view of the future by interviewing employees, suppliers and customers Address the commitment the firm has to its key stakeholders, including customers, employees, shareholders and communities Ensure that the objectives are measurable, the approach is actionable, and the vision is achievable Communicate the message in clear, simple and precise language Develop buy-in and support throughout the organization Mission and Vision Statements are commonly used to: Internally Guide managements thinking on strategic issues, especially during times of significant change Help define performance standards Inspire employees to work more productively by providing focus and common goals Guide employee decision making Help establish a framework for ethical behavior Externally Enlist external support Create closer linkages and better communication with customers, suppliers and alliance partners Serve as a public relations tool Methodology: The banking industry of Bangladesh consists of 30 banks. From those, we have selected 10 banks in a random sampling basis. Those are – Bank Asia Limited BRAC Bank limited Export Import (EXIM) Bank First Security Islami Bank Jamuna Bank Limited Mercantile Bank Limited One Bank Limited Premier Bank Limited Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited Trust Bank limited Analyses: Requirement # 01: Identify the companies’ respective vision and mission statements. I. Bank Asia Limited. Vision: Bank Asia’s vision is to have a poverty free Bangladesh in course of a generation in the new millennium, reflecting the national dream. Our vision is to build a society where human dignity and human rights receive the highest consideration along with reduction of poverty. Mission: To assist in bringing high quality service to our customers and to participate in the growth and expansion of our national economy. To set high standards of integrity and bring total satisfaction to our clients, shareholders and employees. To become the most sought after Bank in the country, rendering technology driven innovative services by our dedicated team of professionals. II. BRAC Bank Limited Vision: Building a profitable and socially responsible financial institution focused on Markets and Business with growth potential, thereby assisting BRAC and stakeholders build a â€Å"just, enlightened, healthy, democratic and poverty free Bangladesh. Mission: Sustained growth in small Medium Enterprise sector Continuous low cost deposit growth with controlled growth in Retained Assets Corporate Assets to be funded through self-liability mobilization. Growth in Assets through Syndications and Investment in faster growing sectors Continuous endeavor to increase fee based income Keep our Debt Charges at 2% to maintain a steady profitable growth Achieve efficient synergies between the banks Branches, SME Unit Offices and BRAC field offices for delivery of Remittance and Banks other products and services Manage various lines of business in a fully controlled environment with no compromise on service quality Keep a diverse, far flung team fully motivated and driven towards materializing the banks vision into reality III. EXIM Bank Limited Vision: The gist of the bank’s vision is ‘Together Toward Tomorrow’. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh believes in togetherness with its customers, in its march on the road to growth and progress with services. Mission: To be the most caring and customer friendly and service oriented banks. To create a technology based most efficient banking environment for its customers. To ensure ethics and transparency in all levels. To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the honourable shareholders Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy IV. First Security Islami Bank Limited Vision: To be the premier financial institution in the country providing high quality products and services backed by latest technology and a team of highly motivated personnel to deliver excellence in Banking. Mission: To contribute the socio-economical development of the country. To attain highest level of satisfaction through extension of services by dedicated and motivated professional. To maintain continuous growth of market share ensuring quality. To ensure ethics and transparency in all levels. To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the honourable shareholders and Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy. V. Jamuna Bank Limited Vision: To become a leading banking institution and to play a pivotal role in the development of the country. Mission The Bank is committed to satisfying diverse needs of its customers through an array of products at a competitive price by using appropriate technology and providing timely service so that a sustainable growth, reasonable return and contribution to the development of the country can be ensured with a motivated and professional work-force. VI. Mercantile Bank Limited Vision: Would make finest corporate citizen. Mission: Will become finest most caring, focused for equitable growth based on diversified deployment of resources and nevertheless would remain healthy and gainfully profitable bank. VII. One Bank Limited Vision: To establish ONE Bank Limited as a Role Model in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh. To meet the needs of our Customers, provide fulfilment for our People and create Shareholder Value. Mission: To constantly seek ways to better serve our Customers. Be proactive in fulfilling our Social Responsibilities. To review all business lines regularly and develop the Best Practices in the industry. Working environment to be supportive of teamwork, enabling the employees to perform to the very best of their abilities. VIII. Premier Bank Limited: Vision: â€Å"The Bank has a clear vision towards its ultimate destiny- to be the best amongst the top financial institutions. † Mission: The mission of the Bank is To be the most caring and customer friendly provider of financial services, creating opportunities for more people in more places. To ensure stability and sound growth whilst enhancing the value of shareholders investments. To aggressively adopt technology at all levels of operations and to improve efficiency and reduce cost per transaction. To ensure a high level of transparency and ethical standards in all business transacted by the Bank. To provide congenial atmosphere which will attract competent work force who will be proud and eager to work for the Bank. To be socially responsible and strive to uplift the equality of the life by making effective contribution for social development. IX. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited Vision: â€Å"To be the unique modern Islami Bank in Bangladesh and to make significant contribution to the national economy and enhance customers’ trust wealth, quality investment, employees’ value and rapid growth in shareholders’ equity. † Mission: To provide quality services to customers. To set high standards of integrity. To make quality investment. To ensure sustainable growth in business. To ensure maximization of Shareholders’ wealth. To extend our customers’ innovative services acquiring state-of-the-art technology blended with Islamic principles. To ensure human resource development to meet the challenges of the time. X. Trust Bank Vision Build a long-term sustainable financial institution through financial inclusion and deliver optimum value to all stakeholders with the highest level of compliance. Mission: Long Term Sustainable Growth diversified business with robust risk management Financial Inclusion bring unbanked population into banking network through low cost technology-based service delivery Accountable to All Stakeholders customers, shareholders, employees regulators Highest level of compliance and transparency at all levels of operation Requirement # 02: Identify whether CSR or business ethics have been disclosed in their statements. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. CSR activities of a firm may include Sustainable environmental program Educational program Community development program Disaster management program Aid in Sports, art and culture Other Corporate social responsibilities Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It is relatively easy to identify unethical business practices. For example, companies should not use child labour. They should not unlawfully use copyrighted materials and processes. They should not engage in bribery. Whether the selected banks have disclosed CSR and business ethics through their mission statements have been analysed below: I. Bank Asia Limited Bank Asia Limited has a significantly distinguished expression of interest in the field of fulfilling its CSR directly identifying the urge to endeavour for establishing a poverty free prosperous country both in its Vision and mission statement. Mentioning specific arenas with emphasis, the bank has expressed strong desire to remain committed to the vast area of CSR. Again there are several specific emphases of separately mentioned Business Ethics disclosures along with principles related with the insurance of transparency in all levels is the Business Ethics. II. BRAC Bank limited BRAC Bank Limited shows its commitment toward the society in its vision and mission statement. It is committed to build an enlightened, healthy, democratic and poverty free Bangladesh which can be inferred from the vision statement. The issue of business ethics is highlighted on the mission statement indirectly by promising to provide quality product issue of CSR activities is highlighted indirectly in terms of â€Å"Sustained growth in small Medium Enterprise sector†. Sustained growth will only be possible when the organization will act in an environment friendly way as well as it will give priority to the overall development of the society. III. Export Import (EXIM) Bank EXIM Bank Limited has indirectly identified it’s CSR in mission statement. One of its mission is to ensure sustainable growth, and we know sustainable growth is possible only when it will be financially viable, committed to the society and environmentally friendly. To ensure ethics and transparency in all levels is the Business Ethics of EXIM Bank Limited which has been clearly mentioned in its mission statement. Vision statement of EXIM Bank Limited doesn’t include any issues regarding their CSR activities and Business Ethics. IV. First Security Islami Bank Do not describe about CSR but describe about business ethics in the mission statement. V. Jamuna Bank Limited The vision of Jamuna bank Limited. is to â€Å"play a pivotal role in the development of the country†. It will carry on its CSR activities in the way of developing the country. Nothing is mentioned in the mission statement in relation to CSR or business ethics of the bank. VI. Mercantile Bank Limited The vision and mission statement of Mercantile Bank Limited doesn’t include any issues regarding their CSR related activities and Business Ethics. VII. One Bank Limited One Bank Limited has directly identified it’s CSR in mission statement. Regardless of mentioning specific arenas with emphasis, the bank has expressed strong desire to remain committed to the vast area of CSR. There are two separate statements under Vision which highlight the bank’s desire for being a bench mark in the banking sector ensuring high-level customer as well as employee satisfaction. There is no specific of separate mentioning about ethics and transparency in all levels is the Business Ethics of One Bank Limited. VIII. Premier Bank Limited Premier Bank Limited. In their mission and vision statement identified CSR and business ethics issues. Their commitment to CSR is expressed with the statement –â€Å"To be socially responsible and strive to uplift the equality of the life by making effective contribution for social development. † In their statement they expressed the eagerness–â€Å"To ensure a high level of transparency and ethical standards in all business transacted by the Bank† as a commitment to uphold business ethics. IX. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited. In their mission statement did not identified any CSR related issue. But they have identified Business Ethics in their statement by stating their mission as – â€Å"To set high standards of integrity. Trust Bank limited Described about business ethics in the mission statement. Requirement # 03: Make a company-wise evaluation as to how responsive these companies are in respect of their philosophy and public image concept. SL# Name of the Bank Components of Mission Statement Philosophy Concept for Public Image I. Bank Asia Limited II. BRAC Bank limited III. Export Import (EXIM) Bank IV. First Security Islami Bank V. Jamuna Bank Limited VI. Mercantile Bank Limited VII. One Bank Limited VIII. Premier Bank Limited IX. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited X. Trust Bank limited Requirement # 04: Evaluate how appropriate these companies’ disclosures are in regard to CSR or business ethics disclosure requirements. As a part of the regulatory requirements by Bangladesh Bank, all the banks are to provide CSR related disclosures in their annual report. The disclosures provided by the selected sample banks are as under: I. Bank Asia Limited Bank Asia always continues its efforts to look beyond short-term quantitative gains, and to concentrate on issues that make the institution socially responsible and have given all out efforts towards sustainable balanced growth. It considers socially responsible activities as an important part of its culture, identity and business practice. So, it contributes to improve the livelihood opportunities of the less fortunate, provision of facilities for education and health, protection of the environment, and encouragement of cultural and social activities in the rural as well as urban areas. II. BRAC Bank limited BRAC Bank, through its CSR activities, is trying to build better relationships with all stakeholders by paying closer attention to how to fulfil its social, economic, environmental and ethical responsibilities. CSR practice allows the bank to align its operations with standards and expectations that are increasingly important to its shareholders, employees, customers and communities where it operates. III. Export Import (EXIM) Bank The bank’s CSR activities mainly involve contribution towards building up an enlightened and prosperous nation. In view of it, it has taken patronization of education as its core CSR activity, whereas disaster management and alleviation of poverty is much emphasized. IV. First Security Islami Bank FSIBL keeps on discharging its CSR activities as a part of social entity for the greater interest of the entire society. The bank has always extended its support to the development of the community through promotion of sports, culture, health educational programs, disaster relief etc. V. Jamuna Bank Limited Jamuna Bank is committed to discharge its duties for the service of downtrodden people of the society. The bank’s CSR activities are about addressing the needs of all the stakeholders in an appositive and meaningful manner. VI. Mercantile Bank Limited MBL is fully committed to conduct its business activities in economically, environmentally and socially sustainable manner. It fosters the motive in mind to build a long-term good relationship with the customers, shareholders, the regulatory bodies and other stakeholders of the bank. VII. One Bank Limited The bank has decided to constitute One Bank Foundation to enable the bank to undertake CSR more proactively by taking planned initiatives and serve the needy and distressed community at large. VIII. Premier Bank Limited The bank is earnestly committed to its Corporate Social Responsibilities and out of these responsibilities it is conducting various charitable, social welfare and development activities. IX. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited With a view to providing financial assistance to the poor and needy people of the society and also for the welfare of the community, the bank has established a separate foundation. Its objective is to provide health care, relief rehabilitation, education, humanitarian activities etc. X. Trust Bank Limited Corporate Social Responsibility holds the bank accountable for the social, environmental and economic impact of its operations. TBL designs its policies and business practices to reflect the highest standards of corporate governance.

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Introduction The purpose of this essay is to analyze a text in relation to the genre and register used then identify the language foci that would be significantly emphasized in a second language lesson. The target learners are Chinese Freshman students studying in the University of Twain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text-Based Second Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay starts off by looking at the literature review, method (introduction, description of the target learners, data, data analysis and findings), and discussion of findings, conclusion, references and finally the appendices. Literature review In the analysis of a text, the genre and register are vital aspects of learning the structure of a text in terms of its function (Eggins, 1994) and context involved â€Å"context sets the stage where particular meanings unfold† (Yunick, 1997).Therefore, for learners to understand easily t he lexicogrammar in a text, they must be able to identify the kind of environment created in the text and the function of the text. The form and function of a text is described in the genre analysis and this helps the L2 learners to understand the purpose of a particular text (Yunick, 1997). To achieve this, in the teaching and learning process, the teacher should identify the significant language foci that are relevant to the proficiency level of the learners (Butt et al., 2009). This helps in the motivation of learners since they become conversant with what they are able to handle, and it applies to all L2 learners anywhere in the world. At any level of proficiency, learners should be made to understand that text writers â€Å"make grammatical choices that depend on contextual features† (Schmitt, 2002). Halliday, (1989) In his theory of context for analyzing the lexicogrammar patterns of texts, the content clearly demonstrates the guidelines to the effective reading of a te xt in which L2 learners are required to put much attention on the structure of the chosen text for the lesson. Equipped with this kind of knowledge about the lexicogrammar used in a text then it becomes it easier for the teacher to identify the most pronounced language foci that would be appropriate for L2 lessons (Liu Jiang, 2009). Identifying the language foci in a text is done through a register analysis of the field, tenor and mode and the analysis of the genre used.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The authenticity of a text is also an aspect to be considered. Apart from the text chosen for the L2 lessons meeting the needs of the students In relation to the proficiency level, it should also be relevant to the cultural background of the L2 students. Thus, the integration of culture and language activates the learner’s schemata making it easy for them to comprehend a text (C arrel and Eiserhold,1983).Through this integration, learners learn more effectively since they are involved in the learning process due to the fact that the content meets their particular interests (Nunan, 1998). Method Introduction In relation to the previous section, the aim of this essay is to carry out an analysis of a text that is relevant to the l2 learner’s needs in terms of their proficiency level and cultural background. The text should be able to present the L2 learner’s linguistic difficulties and this is made possible by identifying the genre and the register of the text (Paltridge, 1996). All these analyses should lead to the most important task of this essay which is the identification of the predominant foci that should be emphasized in an L2 lesson. Target Learners English is a more commonly used international language. Most of the Chinese individuals learn English for Education and transaction purposes. As beginners in the study of English as a second language, 10 freshman students in the University of Twain have a ISLPR score of S: 3, L: 3, R: 3, W: 3 (Ingram Wylie 1979/2007). And most universities accept this as the minimum level for entry to undergraduate degree courses (see Appendix 4). Their linguistic needs are to learn how to use the article ‘a’ and ‘an’ since these articles lack in their own language. Another linguistic difficulty that they encounter is the improper use of verb tenses and lack of knowledge on how to use the plural form of words. Data The text chosen (see Appendix 1) is taken from page 32 of Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers (Don Snow, 2012).the structure of this text suits the kind of students in this case as it attempts to cover the linguistic difficulties of Chinese L2 learners. The use of verb tenses, plural form of words, proper use of conjunctions, and the use of the article ‘a’ and ‘an’ are clearly outlined in this text.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text-Based Second Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The text is about the question of whether intensive reading is really reading. The author argues out that intensive reading is not enough for a person who would like to be a good reader and thus readers should employ extensive reading too. Intensive reading makes a reader develop bad reading habits because one pays much attention on the vocabulary used rather than the meaning of a text which is the main essence of reading. Data analysis An analysis of the register and genre of the text was conducted based on two templates(see appendices 23)The register analysis was based on a template that involved the field, tenor and mode whereas the genre analysis was done based on a template to determine the schematic structure and lexicogrammar of the text (Butt et al., 1995). Findings Table 1-Language Foci and Linguistic/Discourse aspects A nalysis Template Linguistic Discourse Register analysis Field Verb tenses; may, is ,will, can, Indefinite articles; a bit strange, a slow, a language, get a better, a text’s grammar, a text, an extensive style, a lot, a runner. Tenor Plural forms; texts, ways, students, words, sentences, books, magazines, muscles, skills Mode Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, In order to, as well as, But, mainly, instead, Just as Genre analysis Conjunctions showing reasoning; However, because, In order to, But Discussion of Findings Basing on the table of findings, the information simply illustrates the evident linguistic foci in the text. At a linguistic level, basing on the field of the register analysis, the language focus is the use of verb tenses. English employs a variety of verb tenses i.e., in the present, past and the future. The Chinese find it a little bit tricky to use verb tense s in their speaking of English language because their language lack this aspect (Hinkel, 1992). Thus, teaching this linguistic aspect would meet the needs of the Chinese students as they are exposed to the correct usage of verb tenses. The proper use of indefinite articles is another crucial aspect to be taught in an L2 lesson involving Chinese students. The Chinese language lack the use of indefinite articles thus it is a difficult task for them to be able to identify such an aspect in both speaking and writing. The indefinite article ’a’ and ‘an’ tend to be omitted in most cases in their speech thus this would be an appropriate language focus to be included in the lesson plan (Wong, 1988) Another important language focus that a teacher should concentrate on is the use of conjunctions to create cohesion in a text. The Chinese lack the knowledge on how to use conjunctions appropriately in their writings.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, focusing on this aspect under the discourse function makes it possible for the L2 learners to know when and where to use a conjunction. This problem is not experienced by the Chinese learners alone but almost all intermediate L2 learners struggle with the use of conjunctions before getting to the advanced level (Geva, 1986). The proper use of plural forms is also another important language focus that should be emphasized in an L2 lesson. The teacher teaching English to Chinese students should take into consideration the fact that the Chinese students lack the knowledge on how to use the plural form. In most cases, you will always find a Chinese speaking in English referring to children as child. For them the singular form is used to refer to the plural form too. This is risky in their learning of English because such kinds of mistakes make them underscore when it comes to the assessment tests (Wong, 1988). Thus the most predominant language foci is the proper use of conjunctio ns and for a teacher to achieve his objective which is to help learners acquire the language at the end of the lesson then this should be the most significant language foci to be included in the lesson plan. This aspect covers both the speaking and writing skills. Conclusion The dominant language foci in this chosen text( see table 1) is the proper use of conjunctions and for a teacher to achieve his objective which is to help learners acquire the language at the end of the lesson, then this should be most significant language foci to be included in the lesson plan. This aspect covers both the speaking and writing skills and meets the needs of the Chinese L2 learners. Moreover the teacher should incorporate the culture in the teaching process of the language to achieve the best results (Byram, 1990). References Butt, D., R., Feez, S., Spinks, S., Yallop, C. (2009). Using Functional Grammar (2nd Ed.) South Yarra: Macmillan. Byram, M. (1990). Teaching culture and language: towards an integrated model. Buttjes and Byram. Carrel, P., L. and Eiserhold, J., C. (1983). Schema Theory and ESL Reading Pedagogy. TESOL QUATERRLY. 17 (4). Pp. 553-573. Eggins, S. (1994). An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter. Geva, E., (1986). Reading comprehension in a second Language: the role of conjunctions.TESL Canada Journal. 3 (0). Pp. 85-96. Halliday, M., A., K., and Hassan, R. (1989). Language, Context and Text: Aspects f language in a social Semiotic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hinkel, E. (1992). The past tense and temporal verb meanings in a contextual frame. TESOL Quarterly Journal. 31(2): 289-313. Ingram, D., E. Wylie.E. (2007). The International Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ISLPR) Australia. The International Second Language Proficiency Ratings. Brisbane Liu, D. Jiang, P. (2009). Using a Corpus Based Lexicogrammatical Approach to Grammar Instruction in EFL and ESL Contexts. The Modern Language Journal. 93 (1). Pp. 61- 78. Nunan, D. (1998). Teaching Grammar in Context. ELT Journal. 52(2). Pp. 101-109. Paltridge, B. (1996). Genre, Text, Type and the language learning classroom. ELT Journal. 50(3). Pp. 237-243. Schmitt, N. (2002). An Introduction to Applied Linguistics. London: Hodder. Snow, D. (2012). Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Wong, S. C. (1988). What we do and don’t know about Chinese learners of English: A critical review of selected research, RELC Journal, 19(1): 1-19. Yunick, S. (1997). Genres, Registers and Sociolinguistics. World Englishes Journal. 16(3). Pp. 321-336). Appendix Appendix 1 Chosen text taken from pg 32 of Don Snow. (2012). Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Is intensive reading really reading? This question may seem a bit strange. Obviously, intensive reading is at least one kind of reading, a slow, careful reading style that is appropriate for very difficult texts. However, in many wa ys, intensive reading is really more of a language study method than a form of reading. Intensive reading is useful for English study because its slow speed allows students to stop and look new words up in the dictionary; it also allows students to pause and carefully study long or difficult sentences to get a better understanding of their grammar. However, intensive reading alone will not make students good readers. In fact, too much intensive reading may actually cause students to develop bad reading habits. For example, because intensive reading requires students to pay attention to every detail, it often encourages the habit of paying more attention to the vocabulary and grammar of a text than to its overall meaning. It also encourages the habit of reading English very slowly, and students who become accustomed to reading English in this way often never learn to read any faster. Finally, intensive reading tends to be relatively boring, so students who fall into the habit of read ing everything intensively often come to dislike reading in English. The main purpose of most reading is to understand the meaning of the text, usually as quickly as possible, so extensive reading is more like â€Å"real† reading than intensive reading is. In order to become good readers, students need to practice reading extensively as well as intensively. It is good for students to read intensively sometimes so they can study a text’s grammar and vocabulary. They also need to read intensively if a text is very difficult. But it is equally important for them to spend time reading texts in an extensive style, focusing mainly on the meaning of the text, not stopping to look up every new word. Furthermore, to become good readers, students need to read a lot – entire books or magazines – instead of just short articles or passages from English textbooks. Just as a runner must run a lot every day in order to build muscles for running, good readers need to read frequently and extensively to build good reading skills. Appendix 2 Register Analysis Register variable Meaning Lexicogrammar Experiential Participants Processes Circumstances Field Ascertain if intensive reading is really reading Students, short articles, passages readers, English textbooks, books, magazines at least one kind of reading, a slow, careful reading style, intensive reading is really more of a language study, a form of reading, carefully study develop bad reading habits, to understand the meaning , practice reading extensively, focusing mainly that is appropriate, difficult texts, study method, a form of reading, useful for English study, difficult sentences, understanding of their grammar, develop bad reading habits, to become good readers Transitivity system Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, Register Variable Meanings lexicogrammar Interpersonal Mood structure voice Modali ty system Polarity system Reference system Tenor Power-unequal DeclarativeObviously, intensive reading is, The main purpose of most reading, It also encourages Active (see mood structure) Modals may , will, can, Negative grammatical meanings However, in many ways, will not, never learn, relatively boring, dislike, not, Nouns Students, readers, magazines, articles, passages, books, textbooks Contact-infrequent Affective involvement-low Register variable Meanings lexicogrammar Textual Cohesion coherence Mode Written text Cohesive grammatical devices; Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually Theme-Rheme intensive reading- is at least one kind of reading good readers- need to read a lot students – pay attention to every detail Lexical devices Students/readers New words/Vocabulary Style/skills Habit/ practice Appendix 3-Genre Analysis Genre Discussion Overall Function To discuss what intensive reading really means by comparing it with extensive reading Functional Labeling Meaning of intensive reading. Comparison and contrasting of intensive and extensive reading. Linking of the two reading styles Schematic structure Schematic Structure Description Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the writer Obligatory Stages Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the author Optional Stages Generic Semantic Potential Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the author Grammatical Features Verb tenses; may, is, will, can. Indefinite articles; a bit strange, a slow, a language, get a better, a text’s grammar, a text, an extensive style, a lot, a runner Plural forms; texts, ways, students, words, sentences, books, magazines, muscles, skills. Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, I n order to, as well as, But, mainly, instead, Just as Appendix 4- summary table of the ISLPR adapted from the ISPLR scale Number Name Short description of the language behavior 0 Zero Proficiency Unable to communicate in the language. 0+ 1- 1 1+ 2 3 3+ 4 4+ 5 Formulaic ProficiencyMinimum ‘Creative’ Proficiency Basic Transactional Proficiency Transactional Proficiency Basic Social Proficiency Basic ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Basic ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Plus ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Advanced ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Native-Like Proficiency Able to perform in a very limited capacity within the most immediate, predictable areas of need, using essentially formulaic language. Able to satisfy immediate, predictable needs, using predominantly formulaic language.Able to satisfy basic everyday transactional needs.Able to satisfy everyday transactional needs and limited social needs. Able to satisfy basic social needs, and routine needs pertinent to everyday commerce and to linguistically undemanding ‘vocational’ fields. Able to perform effectively in most informal and formal situations pertinent to social and community life and everyday commerce and recreation, and in situations which are not linguistically demanding in Own ‘vocational’ field. Proficiency at this level is significantly better than level 3 but has not reached level 4. Able to perform very effectively in almost all situations pertinent to social and community life and everyday commerce and recreation, and generally in almost all situations pertinent to own ‘vocational’ fields. Able to operate as effectively as native speakers in most situations with only slight features of the language differentiating one from the other. Proficiency equivalent to that of a native speaker of the same sociocultural variety. This essay on Text-Based Second Language was written and submitted by user Jordyn D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.